Sunday
March 7, 1886
Seattle daily post-intelligencer (Seattle, W.T. [Wash.]) — Washington, King
“Seattle's Secret Army: 424 Militia Members, One Violent Crisis (1886)”
Art Deco mural for March 7, 1886
Original newspaper scan from March 7, 1886
Original front page — Seattle daily post-intelligencer (Seattle, W.T. [Wash.]) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

Seattle's military spirit is on full display in this March 7, 1886 edition, which devotes its entire front page to documenting six citizen militia organizations totaling 424 members. The Seattle Rifles, Company D, University Cadets, Seattle Cadet Corps, and two Home Guard companies (Kinneear's and Carr's) are meticulously listed with their officers and enlisted men—from Captain Joseph O'Farrar of the Rifles down to privates named Smith, Anderson, and dozens of others whose names fill column after column. The paper notes that Seattle has "more citizen soldiers than all of the other cities of the territory combined," a stunning claim given the city's modest population of around 3,500 at the time. The military organizations meet regularly for drills on Friday and Monday nights, suggesting a community deeply invested in organized defense and civic order during Washington Territory's transition toward statehood.

Why It Matters

In 1886, Seattle was gripped by the Chinese Expulsion Crisis—a brutal episode where white workers, fearing economic competition, violently expelled Chinese laborers from the city. The page itself references this urgency obliquely: a brief note mentions that around 200 Chinese workers were "driven from the Mount labor neighborhood" and "compelled them to cross the river" via ferry to safety. The enormous militia buildup wasn't patriotic pageantry—it was organized power. These citizen soldiers represented the merchant class and established settlers consolidating control over the young city, and they would soon play a direct role in enforcing the expulsion of Chinese workers. The meticulous documentation of names and ranks reveals how militarization became a tool of social order during a moment of intense racial violence.

Hidden Gems
  • The University Cadets numbered only 37 members, yet they're given equal prominence to the adult militia—suggesting that Seattle's elites were investing in youth military training as an institution at the very moment the territory was approaching statehood.
  • One entry notes that Company D lost two members tragically: 'Lieutenant Robb, who was fatally shot in a target practice, and Lieutenant McKean, who recently died'—suggesting even peacetime militia duty could be perilously conducted in the 1880s.
  • The Home Guards—Kinneear's Company alone had 120 men—were originally organized in November 1885 and 'nearly 200 men volunteered,' indicating this militia explosion happened in just a few months, likely in response to the Chinese expulsion crisis.
  • A tiny note mentions that the Seattle Cadet Corps was only organized on March 1st—just days before this article was published—showing how rapidly militarization was accelerating in the city.
  • The paper boasts Seattle has 'a greater force of militia in proportion to its size and population than Seattle'—a remarkable claim that suggests this frontier town was more militarized than major East Coast cities.
Fun Facts
  • The Chinese expulsion referenced in this paper—'Between 150 and 200 Chinese were badly frightened... forced them down to the Alaska ferry'—was part of the 1886 Seattle riot, one of the worst acts of anti-Chinese violence in American history. Ironically, these very militia organizations would be called upon to suppress the riots they arguably helped incite through intimidation.
  • Captain George Kinneear, listed as commanding 120 men, was one of Seattle's earliest settlers. He would go on to be elected mayor multiple times, showing how militia leadership directly translated to political power in territorial cities.
  • The University Cadets were drilling at the University of Washington, founded just six years earlier in 1880. This was one of the first military cadet programs west of the Mississippi—a model that would become standard at land-grant universities across America.
  • One private listed is 'H. Latimer'—likely related to the Latimer family who built one of Seattle's first major commercial warehouses. Military service in 1886 Seattle was a marker of the merchant elite.
  • The page's obsessive attention to membership rolls—listing 424 names in total—reflects the civic pride of a city desperate to prove itself worthy of statehood, which Washington would achieve just two years later in 1888. These militias were a form of performative civilization.
Contentious Gilded Age Military Civil Rights Politics Local Crime Violent
March 6, 1886 March 8, 1886

Also on March 7

1836
A Virginia Town Debates Slavery While Selling Souls: The Lynchburg Paper That...
Lynchburg Virginian (Lynchburg [Va.])
1846
The South's Last Stand: How a 1846 Constitutional Fury Predicted the Civil War
The daily union (Washington [D.C.])
1856
The Day Supreme Court Rulings Got a Makeover—While Slavery Ads Filled the Same...
The daily union (Washington [D.C.])
1861
Five Weeks Before Fort Sumter: A Confederate Newspaper Defends Slavery With...
New Orleans daily crescent ([New Orleans, La.])
1862
Cure-All Promises & Iron Foundries: Inside a Civil War Town's Business Page...
The Evansville daily journal (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.])
1863
Life in Wartime Ohio: How Ashtabula Kept Commerce Running While America Tore...
Ashtabula weekly telegraph (Ashtabula, Ohio)
1864
Gold, Priests & Monopolies: What the Steamship *Ocean Queen* Reveals About...
The New York herald (New York [N.Y.])
1865
March 1865: Sherman's 22,500 Illinois boys march toward Richmond as the war's...
Chicago tribune (Chicago, Ill.)
1866
British Hypocrisy Exposed: When Civil War Enemies Got Their Just Deserts (March...
Baltimore daily commercial (Baltimore, Md.)
1876
A Woman Masquerading as a Man on the Mississippi: The Carmi Chums' Shocking...
Oxford Democrat (Paris, Me.)
1896
When Italy Imploded: 5,000 Soldiers Dead, Cabinet Resigned, Mobs in the Streets...
The Dalles weekly chronicle (The Dalles, Or.)
1906
1906: Corporate Coup in Paradise as Business Rivals Battle for Control
The Hawaiian star (Honolulu [Oahu])
1926
When a Countess, Raw Rats, and 'Ma' Ferguson Made Headlines in 1926
South Bend news-times (South Bend, Ind.)
1927
Dallas Drowned, A High School President Shoots His Classmate, and Japan Shakes...
Brownsville herald (Brownsville, Tex.)
View all 14 years →

Wake Up to History

Every morning: one front page from exactly 100 years ago, with context, hidden gems, and an original Art Deco mural. Free.

Subscribe Free