Monday
February 19, 1866
Chicago tribune (Chicago, Ill.) — Chicago, Cook
“Grant Orders Newspapers Suppressed & A $40,000 Daylight Heist Shocks St. Louis (Feb. 19, 1868)”
Art Deco mural for February 19, 1866
Original newspaper scan from February 19, 1866
Original front page — Chicago tribune (Chicago, Ill.) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

General Grant has issued a sweeping order to suppress disloyal newspapers across the South. In a circular letter dated February 17, 1868, Grant commands all Department Commanders to submit copies of any newspapers publishing "sentiments of disloyalty and hostility to the Government," with explicit intent toward suppression. Grant's order directly targets publications like the Richmond Examiner, which he personally blocked from circulating after it published satirical coverage of a garrison ball. Meanwhile, a brazen daylight robbery in St. Louis has seized national attention: an Express Company messenger named Miller was garroted, beaten, and robbed of $40,000 (one package alone contained $12,000) by four men who had rented a room under false pretenses over Finley's coal oil store on Third Street. The thieves left $15,000 behind in their haste. The scheme was deliberately planned—the robbers had opened counterfeit-filled decoy packages sent from Mexico days earlier, suggesting an inside operation. From Nashville comes word of a near-brawl in the Tennessee Legislature, where the Speaker hurled his mallet at a Union member during heated debate over a franchise bill.

Why It Matters

This front page captures Reconstruction America at a pivotal moment—just weeks before Andrew Johnson's impeachment trial would begin in March 1868. Grant's suppression order reveals the raw tension between military occupation (martial law still prevailed across the South) and constitutional press freedom. The order foreshadowed the deeper conflict between Grant and Johnson over how harshly to govern the defeated Confederacy. Meanwhile, the St. Louis robbery underscores how the post-war South and border regions remained lawless and unstable, with organized crime exploiting the chaos of Reconstruction. The Nashville Legislature scene reflects the bitter political divisions tearing apart Southern state governments as they attempted to reconstitute themselves under military supervision.

Hidden Gems
  • Gen. Grant's father received a consolation prize in all this turmoil—he was appointed Postmaster of Covington, Kentucky, the kind of patronage appointment that kept the Republican political machine humming during Reconstruction.
  • The St. Louis robbers used a sophisticated con: they sent decoy packages from Mexico filled with counterfeit bills days in advance to scout the Express Company's procedures before executing the $40,000 heist. This was essentially the 1868 version of a confidence scheme.
  • Three Spanish warships sat in New York harbor under 'sealed orders'—suggesting international intrigue related to Spain's colonial holdings in the Caribbean and Pacific, a tension that would simmer for decades.
  • Kansas was actively building its transcontinental railroad infrastructure: track-laying had commenced on the Lawrence-Leavenworth branch of the Union Pacific, with the legislature granting 500,000 acres of land to multiple railroad companies in a single vote (44-26).
  • A billiard tournament in Memphis between English champion Kavanagh and American Roberts drew enough interest to be reported on the front page—demonstrating how sports entertainment and international competition were already capturing American attention.
Fun Facts
  • Grant's order to suppress newspapers prefigured his later presidency (1869-1877), during which he would become increasingly aggressive about controlling dissent and the press—a trajectory that troubles historians even today who admire his military leadership and civil rights sympathies.
  • The Richmond Examiner suppression that Grant personally endorsed was edited by E. A. Pollard, a fire-eating secessionist whose post-war writings became foundational texts for the 'Lost Cause' mythology—ironically, the suppression made him a martyr, and his ideas outlasted Grant's order by decades.
  • The Memphis billiard tournament in February 1868 reflects a post-war leisure culture emerging in the South: even amid Reconstruction turmoil, cities were hosting sporting events and tournaments, suggesting economic recovery was beginning in unexpected places.
  • The Lawrence-Leavenworth railroad branch mentioned in the Kansas dispatch was part of the frantic race to complete transcontinental routes—within two years (by 1869), the golden spike ceremony would unite the Union Pacific and Central Pacific, transforming American commerce forever.
  • That $40,000 St. Louis robbery, while shocking, was dwarfed by the scale of post-war financial crime: the era saw an explosion in counterfeiting, bond fraud, and organized theft as the nation struggled to establish stable currency and banking systems during the chaotic transition from war to peace.
Contentious Reconstruction Politics Federal Military Crime Organized Transportation Rail
February 18, 1866 February 20, 1866

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