Friday
August 4, 1865
The Bedford gazette (Bedford, Pa.) — Pennsylvania, Bedford
“1865: 'Nine out of ten freed slaves will vote with their former masters' — Governor's shocking prediction”
Art Deco mural for August 4, 1865
Original newspaper scan from August 4, 1865
Original front page — The Bedford gazette (Bedford, Pa.) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

The front page of The Bedford Gazette delivers a fascinating mix of historical reflection and contemporary political drama. The lead story is a lengthy piece about "The Monmouth Rebellion in 1685," recounting the brutal "bloody assizes" led by the notorious Chief Justice Jeffreys, who executed 320 rebels and infamously burned alive Alice Lisle, a kind Presbyterian widow who had merely sheltered two fugitives. The paper draws vivid parallels between English tyranny and American liberty, noting how "fortunately we live in a different age and country, where atrocities of this character are unknown." But the real contemporary fire comes from Louisiana, where a heated exchange has erupted over Black voting rights. The "Central Executive Committee of the Friends of Universal Suffrage" has demanded that Governor Wells register "all loyal citizens, without distinction of race or origin" for upcoming elections. Wells fired back with a scathing refusal, arguing that nine out of ten former slaves would simply vote as their former masters directed, making the move politically dangerous for true Union supporters.

Why It Matters

This August 1865 edition captures America at its most pivotal crossroads — just months after Lincoln's assassination and the war's end, the nation is grappling with Reconstruction's fundamental questions. The Louisiana voting rights debate represents the core tension: how to integrate four million newly freed slaves into American democracy while maintaining Republican political control in the South. Governor Wells' blunt rejection of Black suffrage — despite pressure from Universal Suffrage advocates — reveals the deep resistance even among some Republicans to rapid political equality. His prediction that freedpeople would vote with their former masters shows the paternalistic assumptions shaping policy. Meanwhile, the paper's lengthy historical piece about English tyranny serves as both entertainment and pointed commentary on the importance of constitutional protections during this uncertain time.

Hidden Gems
  • The Bedford Gazette charged $2.00 per year if paid in advance, but $3.00 if you waited more than six months — a 50% penalty for late payment
  • The paper warns readers that U.S. Courts had ruled that simply stopping a newspaper 'without payment of arrearages, is prima facie evidence of fraud and is a criminal offence'
  • Governor Wells dismissed the Universal Suffrage Committee as hypocrites, noting their president T.J. Durant had written to Lincoln as late as 1862 protesting 'against the taking of slaves from their owners and the iniquities of the blockade'
  • Chief Justice Jeffreys initially ordered Alice Lisle to be 'burned alive that very afternoon' before commuting her sentence to beheading after clergy intervention
Fun Facts
  • That Chief Justice Jeffreys mentioned in the historical piece? He bragged about hanging more traitors 'than all his predecessors since the conquest' — but within four years, he was fleeing in disguise and died in the Tower of London
  • The paper's subscription fraud warning wasn't just bluster — in 1865, newspaper publishers were genuinely struggling with Civil War-era economic disruption and needed every penny
  • Governor Wells' prediction that freed slaves would vote with their former masters proved spectacularly wrong — during Reconstruction, Black voters consistently supported Republican candidates by overwhelming margins
  • The 'Universal Suffrage' committee name was remarkably progressive for 1865 — women wouldn't get the vote nationally for another 55 years, yet this group was already using the term
  • Louisiana's 1864 election mentioned by Wells was held under Union military occupation with only 11,000 votes cast — hardly a mandate for the existing constitutional order
Contentious Civil War Reconstruction Politics State Civil Rights Election Politics Federal
August 3, 1865 August 5, 1865

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