Tuesday
August 1, 1865
The Portland daily press (Portland, Me.) — Cumberland, Portland
“1865: When Cross-Dressing Soldiers Fought Demon Rum in Maine”
Art Deco mural for August 1, 1865
Original newspaper scan from August 1, 1865
Original front page — The Portland daily press (Portland, Me.) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

The front page of the Portland Daily Press is dominated by a serialized story titled "Jerome Fenwick's Cure" — a moral tale about a young farmer whose drinking habit threatens his marriage to his devoted wife Rosa. The story follows Jerome as he ignores Rosa's pleas to stay home and heads to the Columbian Hotel to drink and read newspapers, leaving his wife in tears with his sharp-tongued Aunt Tryphosa. The plot thickens when Rosa's soldier brother Charley Warner returns from the war and hatches a plan to shock Jerome into sobriety. Disguised in women's clothing, Charley appears at the tavern pretending to be Rosa, announcing he'll drink alongside Jerome since he prefers the tavern to staying home alone. The story ends with Jerome's mortification at seeing his "wife" drunk, leading him to swear off alcohol forever — only to discover the drunken woman was actually his uniformed brother-in-law in disguise.

Why It Matters

This page captures America just months after the Civil War's end, when soldiers like Lieutenant Charley Warner were returning home to changed communities. The prominent placement of this temperance tale reflects growing concerns about alcohol's impact on families — concerns that would eventually culminate in Prohibition 55 years later. The story's focus on a "federal lieutenant" and references to "three years of war" show how the conflict's aftermath was woven into everyday moral instruction, as the nation grappled with reintegrating veterans and rebuilding social fabric.

Hidden Gems
  • The Portland Daily Press cost $8.00 per year in advance — roughly $150 in today's money, making newspapers a significant household expense
  • Classified ads cost 75 cents for a week-long square, with special 'Amusements' ads commanding premium rates of $2.00 per square per week
  • An advertisement for the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company boasts it has larger 'net Assets' than any other life insurance company in the United States, targeting customers who 'Act Wisely'
  • The story mentions 'Pardon Pilkington' who froze to death 'down by the hemlock holler' after drinking at the Columbian Hotel, with 'snow two feet deep on the ground'
  • A bizarre classified ad offers 'THE RECIPE FOR preserving and sweetening rancid or strong Butter' for one dollar, sent by mail to any address
Fun Facts
  • The fictional 'Columbian Hotel' where Jerome drinks reflects real establishments — many American hotels were named 'Columbian' after the 1792 tricentennial of Columbus's voyage, making it a popular patriotic business name
  • Maine would become the birthplace of Prohibition — the state passed the first statewide prohibition law in 1851, fourteen years before this newspaper, earning it the nickname 'the Maine Law'
  • The story mentions Jerome earning money from newspapers at the hotel — in 1865, reading newspapers aloud in taverns was common entertainment since many patrons couldn't read, making it a social gathering point for news
  • Life insurance was booming in 1865 as Civil War death tolls made families acutely aware of mortality — the Mutual Benefit company advertised here was founded in 1845 and became one of America's largest insurers
  • The casual mention of 'pink worsted hood' and 'moccasins' shows how Native American-style footwear had become standard rural wear, even in Maine's white farming communities
Sensational Civil War Reconstruction Prohibition Temperance Military Moral Instruction
July 31, 1865 August 3, 1865

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