Monday
July 31, 1865
The daily Gate City (Keokuk, Iowa) — Keokuk, Iowa
“1865: When Civil War Veterans Told 'Copperheads' to Shove It”
Art Deco mural for July 31, 1865
Original newspaper scan from July 31, 1865
Original front page — The daily Gate City (Keokuk, Iowa) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

The Daily Gate City's front page blazes with post-Civil War political fury as Iowa soldiers clash with 'Copperheads' — Northern Democrats who opposed the war. At a heated soldiers' convention in Charleston, Iowa, Colonel Parrott declared himself 'no politician but a soldier' while presiding over a raucous meeting where Union veterans organized their own ticket after being shut out by Democratic organizers. The paper prominently displays Iowa's 'Union Republican Ticket' headed by William M. Stone for Governor, alongside fiery quotes from President Andrew Johnson promising to execute traitors 'by the eternal God!' The front page seethes with the raw tensions of Reconstruction America, as battle-scarred veterans like Colonel Wood of the 17th Illinois rail against Democrats who 'branded the war as an abolition war' and now seek soldiers' votes at the ballot box.

Why It Matters

This newspaper captures the bitter political realignment following Lincoln's assassination and the war's end. Johnson's harsh anti-treason rhetoric reflects the period's vengeful mood toward Confederate leaders, while the soldiers' fury at 'Copperheads' shows how the war created lasting political divisions in the North. Iowa's Union Republican ticket represents the emerging GOP dominance that would control national politics for decades. The heated exchanges reveal how Reconstruction wasn't just about rebuilding the South — it was about Northern communities grappling with who deserved credit for victory and political power in peacetime.

Hidden Gems
  • The paper costs 75 cents for one month or just 25 cents for two weeks if delivered in the city — showing how urban delivery was cheaper than mail subscriptions
  • Captain Reynolds complained that Copperheads would literally deface U.S. coins, clipping off 'United States of America' and 'E Pluribus Unum' to leave 'E Pluribus Duo' as party emblems supporting multiple governments
  • The Bell Ringers troupe is performing at the Atheneum theater tonight, with the Quincy papers giving rave reviews of their recent show there
  • An Ohio politician has moved to Northwestern Ohio specifically 'in view of aspirations for Congressional honors' — an early example of carpetbagging for political gain
  • Wisconsin's Supreme Court just ruled that federal stamp taxes on state court documents are unconstitutional because they interfere with states' judicial processes
Fun Facts
  • President Johnson's quote about executing traitors 'by the eternal God' was from a Senate speech in March 1861 — showing how his harsh rhetoric predated his presidency by four years
  • The paper mentions Governor Sharkey appointing a Mississippi official who was 'taken prisoner and paroled at the Vicksburg siege by Gen. Grant's army' — illustrating how former Confederate prisoners were quickly returning to power under Johnson's lenient Reconstruction policies
  • Colonel Wood's 17th Illinois Infantry was a real regiment that fought alongside Iowa units — they participated in the siege of Vicksburg and Sherman's March to the Sea
  • The reference to 'Wide-Awakes' refers to the Republican Party's 1860 campaign clubs of young men who marched in torchlight parades supporting Lincoln — many of whom later enlisted as soldiers
  • Ben Wood, mentioned as appealing to Democrats to 'give some sign of vitality,' was a notorious New York Congressman who had been expelled from the House in 1861 for disloyalty
Contentious Civil War Reconstruction Politics State Politics Local Election Civil Rights War Conflict
July 30, 1865 August 1, 1865

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