Monday
March 27, 1865
New-York daily tribune (New-York [N.Y.]) — New York, New York City
“March 27, 1865: Sherman's Juggernaut Rolls On as Confederate Terrorist Burns in NYC”
Art Deco mural for March 27, 1865
Original newspaper scan from March 27, 1865
Original front page — New-York daily tribune (New-York [N.Y.]) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

The war is nearly over, and Union forces are crushing Confederate resistance across the South. General Sherman has whipped the rebels at Mount Olive and entered Smithfield, North Carolina, while General Schofield has occupied Goldsborough with only light opposition. The three Union commanders - Sherman, Schofield, and Terry - have successfully linked up, creating an unstoppable juggernaut that's "sweeping everything before them" with "great enthusiasm among the troops." Meanwhile, at Petersburg, Confederate forces made a desperate last-ditch assault on Fort Steadman at 4 a.m., briefly capturing it before being driven back with devastating losses - 3,000 rebels killed and wounded, 2,700 taken prisoner. In New York, the execution of Confederate saboteur Robert Cobb Kennedy dominated local news. The 25-year-old Louisiana native, who had attempted to burn down New York City hotels in November, met his death with shocking callousness, denying God and demanding liquor with his dying breath. Kennedy confessed to setting fires at Barnum's Hotel, the Belmont House, and thirty-two other buildings as part of an eight-man Confederate terror cell.

Why It Matters

This front page captures the final collapse of the Confederacy in March 1865. Sherman's famous March to the Sea had evolved into his devastating Carolina Campaign, systematically destroying the South's ability to continue fighting. The failed assault on Fort Steadman would prove to be one of the last major Confederate offensive actions - within two weeks, Lee would surrender at Appomattox. Kennedy's execution represented a darker side of the conflict - early domestic terrorism. His plot to burn New York was part of Confederate attempts to bring the war to Northern cities, foreshadowing modern concerns about urban warfare and civilian targets.

Hidden Gems
  • Kennedy's confession reveals the Confederate arson plot targeted specific NYC landmarks: 'Barnum's Hotel, the Belmont House on Fulton-st... Lovejoy's Hotel, Tammany Hotel' - showing rebels knew exactly which establishments would cause maximum chaos
  • Confederate desertion had become so massive that 'as many as fifty deserters come in daily' to Union lines, with even officers abandoning their posts 'some even with the rank of Major'
  • The draft was so unpopular in New York that the Thirteenth Ward held meetings to fill quotas through volunteers, opening a recruiting office 'at the Thirteenth Station-house, corner of Delancey and Attorney' to avoid conscription
  • Kennedy's final words were chillingly defiant - he 'scoffed' at God and said 'Trust to luck, trust to luck' while singing 'one verse of an Irish ballad' with his 'almost dying breath'
Fun Facts
  • Robert Kennedy was a West Point graduate (class of 1861) who left the academy when the war began - meaning the Union had literally trained the man who tried to burn down New York City
  • General Bragg, commanding Confederate forces in North Carolina, was the same Braxton Bragg whose name would later grace Fort Bragg (now Fort Liberty) - ironic given his forces were being routed by Sherman at this very moment
  • The phosphorus Kennedy used for his arson attempts was an early form of incendiary weapon - the same chemical would later be refined into white phosphorus munitions used in both World Wars
  • Fort Steadman, scene of the desperate Confederate assault, was named after a Union officer killed earlier in the siege - meaning rebels died trying to capture a fort named for their enemy
  • General Schofield, now linking up with Sherman in North Carolina, would later serve as Secretary of War and live until 1906 - one of the last surviving Civil War generals to witness the dawn of the automobile age
Triumphant Civil War Reconstruction War Conflict Military Crime Violent Crime Trial Disaster Fire
March 26, 1865 March 28, 1865

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