Thursday
February 9, 1865
The daily Gate City (Keokuk, Iowa) — Keokuk, Lee
“Feb 9, 1865: 'Peace bubble has burst!' — Lincoln's re-election confirmed as war grinds on”
Art Deco mural for February 9, 1865
Original newspaper scan from February 9, 1865
Original front page — The daily Gate City (Keokuk, Iowa) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

The front page is dominated by news of failed peace negotiations and military victories. Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson have just been officially declared elected President and Vice President by Congress, while peace talks with Confederate commissioners at Hampton Roads have collapsed. The paper reports that "The Peace bubble has burst!" with the Confederate government demanding independence "or nothing," while the Federal government maintains "Union is the condition of Peace." Meanwhile, Commodore David D. Porter is taking heat for his "arrogant and bombastic dispatches" after his successful attack on Fort Fisher, with the paper criticizing his "malignancy" toward General Butler and suggesting Porter should let others sing his praises rather than glorifying himself. A devastating fire in Philadelphia has consumed about 50 dwellings across two city blocks, with 15 lives reportedly lost when burning coal oil ran through snow-flooded streets, trapping residents in their homes. Four children perished in a single house. Local news includes a fatal shooting in Dallas County over a property dispute between a Civil War veteran and a neighbor, resulting in the death of Michael Judge.

Why It Matters

This February 1865 snapshot captures America at a pivotal moment - just two months before the war's end, though no one knew it yet. The failed Hampton Roads Conference would be the last serious attempt at negotiated peace, sealing the fate that only total military victory could end the conflict. Lincoln's re-election confirmation here represents the mandate that would see him through to victory and his assassination just two months later. The criticism of Porter's self-aggrandizing dispatches reflects growing war-weariness and desire for humble competence over theatrical heroics. The paper's prediction of "the most warlike and bloody" summer ahead would prove tragically prescient for battles like Petersburg, even as the war's end approached faster than anyone imagined.

Hidden Gems
  • Gold opened at 2.11 but fell to 2.10½, with operators 'waiting for something to turn up' - showing how Civil War uncertainty made even speculators cautious
  • Colonel Baker arrested 27 bounty brokers who made fortunes of $100,000 to $200,000 by enlisting men and helping them desert - a massive fraud scheme worth millions in today's money
  • The New York Herald was mailing 100,000 to 500,000 copies daily, making it impossible to affix individual stamps, so they needed special postal arrangements
  • Confederate prisoners received $350,000 from the sale of 830 bales of cotton sent by the rebel government for their care - an enormous sum showing surprising humanitarian cooperation amid war
  • A joke appears at the bottom: 'Why is a cock-fight the finest kind of sport? Because when fowls are fighting you can bet on fowl play' - newspapers loved their puns even during wartime
Fun Facts
  • Vice President Hamlin mentioned here was heading home because he'd been dumped from Lincoln's ticket in favor of Andrew Johnson - a decision made to help win the war but that would prove catastrophic after Lincoln's assassination
  • The New York Herald's massive daily circulation of up to 500,000 copies made it one of the world's largest newspapers, bigger than most major papers today
  • Fort Fisher, where Porter won his controversial victory, was called the 'Gibraltar of the South' - its fall opened Wilmington and cut off the Confederacy's last major supply line
  • Secretary of Treasury Fessenden's planned resignation mentioned here came after he'd helped finance the entire Civil War - the government's debt had grown from $65 million to $2.7 billion on his watch
  • Nevada, mentioned as the 'new state' casting electoral votes, had been rushed to statehood just months earlier specifically to help Lincoln win re-election and pass the 13th Amendment
Anxious Civil War Politics Federal Election Diplomacy War Conflict Disaster Fire
February 7, 1865 February 11, 1865

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