Monday
September 19, 1864
Chicago tribune (Chicago, Ill.) — Chicago, Cook
“75,000 Copies & No Surrender: How Newspapers Fought the 1864 Election—Plus Scalps on the Rio Grande”
Art Deco mural for September 19, 1864
Original newspaper scan from September 19, 1864
Original front page — Chicago tribune (Chicago, Ill.) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

The Chicago Tribune announces a massive printing operation: they've already sold 75,000 copies of their "Campaign Document," a compilation of inflammatory speeches from the Democratic National Convention featuring Copperhead leaders like Clement Vallandigham, Fernando Wood, and Samuel Cox. The paper is now accepting orders at "zero dollars per hundred" to flood the country with this anti-peace propaganda just weeks before the 1864 election. Meanwhile, the war grinds on. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton has shut down all appeals for draft postponement—"not a day or an hour" of delay permitted. Illinois's draft quota has been cut 50%, offering some relief, but the Tribune warns Chicago must meet its obligations. On the battlefield, Grant's army near Petersburg endures constant rebel fire, while a stunning quadrilateral brawl erupted on the Rio Grande involving French, Mexican, Federal, and Confederate forces. The 8th Illinois cavalry captured Brownsville and raised the American flag after pursuing rebel Col. Ford. Gold prices fluctuate nervously at 221⅞, reflecting wartime economic anxiety.

Why It Matters

This edition captures American democracy under extraordinary strain. Four years into the Civil War, the 1864 election represents an existential referendum—will the North fight on to preserve the Union and end slavery, or negotiate a peace that could leave the Confederacy intact? The Tribune's frantic push to distribute 75,000 copies of Copperhead speeches reveals how ruthlessly both sides wielded print to shape opinion. Lincoln's re-election was far from certain; many Northerners wanted peace at any cost. Stanton's iron refusal to delay the draft signals desperation—Grant and Sherman need bodies. The military victories mentioned here (Texas captures, cavalry successes) were crucial momentum-builders for Lincoln's campaign. Every battlefield success strengthened the Union cause; every stalemate empowered the peace movement. This newspaper embodied the propagandistic warfare of 1864 America.

Hidden Gems
  • The Tribune advertises that subscribers can form clubs: "Clubs of four copies, one year, 9.00" up to "twenty copies, 40.00"—showing newspapers were distributed collectively, not individually, and organizational memberships were how publications built circulation.
  • A classified notice reports that the 11th Indiana Veterans voted 323 for Lincoln, only 16 for McClellan, while the 8th Indiana voted unanimously for Lincoln—proving soldiers' ballots were being actively tabulated and published as propaganda for the Union cause.
  • Ex-State Senator McVey of Ohio was killed in a stagecoach accident on Friday near Winchester, with his son's legs broken—a reminder that 1864 transportation was so dangerous that a prominent politician could die casually en route between Ohio cities.
  • The paper dismisses C. H. McCormick (the reaper magnate nominee for Cook County) as having 'not an instinct that is not in sympathy with the rebellion,' accusing him of being a Virginia-born slavery sympathizer—revealing how the Civil War fractured even industrial magnate families along regional lines.
  • A Treasury notice announces that vinegar manufacturers using distilled alcohol bases are now classified as 'distillers' subject to Internal Revenue taxes—showing how wartime tax collection reached into the smallest manufacturing operations to fund the war machine.
Fun Facts
  • The Tribune mentions Professor Goldwyn Smith of Oxford University touring America as a Union advocate. Smith was one of the few major British intellectuals actively defending the North; his support mattered enormously because British intervention on behalf of the Confederacy nearly happened twice during the war, and influential voices like his helped prevent it.
  • Secretary Chase is on the campaign trail declaring Lincoln's certain re-election—yet historically, Lincoln himself was so pessimistic in August 1864 that he believed he would lose. Chase's confidence, published here, helped shift the narrative just as Sherman's fall of Atlanta (happening around this exact date) turned the political tide.
  • The paper reports C. H. McCormick as the Democratic nominee in Cook County. McCormick's reaper company would eventually become International Harvester, but in 1864 his Southern sympathies cost him dearly politically; he lost decisively, as the Tribune predicted.
  • Gold closed Saturday at 221⅞—a staggeringly high price reflecting panic about war continuation. For context, gold was $20.67 per ounce at the war's start; this premium shows how deeply Americans doubted currency stability under endless warfare.
  • The St. Louis dispatch mentions that guerrillas' scalps were found hanging from bridles—a chilling detail showing how the Western frontier of the Civil War had devolved into frontier savagery, with atrocities becoming casual news items.
Contentious Civil War Election War Conflict Military Politics Federal Economy Markets
September 18, 1864 September 20, 1864

Also on September 19

1836
Land Fever, Runaway Slaves & the Boom Before the Crash: Inside 1836 Lynchburg
Lynchburg Virginian (Lynchburg [Va.])
1846
Constantinople's Sultan Arrives by Steamship While Caribbean Colonists Read...
Gazeta de Puerto-Rico (San Juan, P.R.)
1856
1856: Inside Evansville's Bustling River Market—When Sewing Machines Were...
The Evansville daily journal (Evansville, Ia. [i.e. Ind.])
1861
September 1861: New Orleans Mobilizes for War—See the Orders, Bounties & Bank...
New Orleans daily crescent ([New Orleans, La.])
1862
Inside the Panic: A Sioux Agent's Desperate Defense as Minnesota Erupts & Lee...
The weekly pioneer and Democrat (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory)
1863
When the Civil War Seemed Distant: Inside a September 1863 Ohio Newspaper
Ashtabula weekly telegraph (Ashtabula, Ohio)
1865
1865: Chicago's Wheat Market Crashes, Politicians Trade Insults, and 4,718 Dogs...
Chicago tribune (Chicago, Ill.)
1866
Forrest Congratulates Union Veterans: One Year After the War, America Can't...
Chicago tribune (Chicago, Ill.)
1876
She Charmed a Maine Merchant Into Love—Then Revealed Her Real Identity as a...
Oxford Democrat (Paris, Me.)
1886
Inside Westminster's Chaos: How Irish MPs Broke Parliament (and What Happened...
The sun (New York [N.Y.])
1896
Bryan's Triumphant South, Armenia's Agony, and the Battleships That Changed...
Waterbury Democrat (Waterbury, Conn.)
1906
Murder at the health resort: When a $15,000 factory owner's secrets exploded
The Topeka state journal (Topeka, Kansas)
1926
The Hurricane That Broke Paradise: Miami Lies in Ruins, 1926
Evening star (Washington, D.C.)
1927
Pittsburgh's Serbian Fraternity Fights Over Communism—in 1927
Amerikanski srbobran (Pittsburg, Pa.;Pittsburgh, Pa.)
View all 14 years →

Wake Up to History

Every morning: one front page from exactly 100 years ago, with context, hidden gems, and an original Art Deco mural. Free.

Subscribe Free