Thursday
December 17, 1846
Burlington hawk-eye (Burlington, Iowa) — Burlington, Des Moines
“A State Is Born: Iowa's Statehood—And the Trashy Romance That Distracted Frontier Readers”
Art Deco mural for December 17, 1846
Original newspaper scan from December 17, 1846
Original front page — Burlington hawk-eye (Burlington, Iowa) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

The Burlington Hawk-Eye's December 17, 1846 front page is dominated by a serialized romantic tragedy titled "Episode in the Life of Dom Sebastian," a sweeping tale of Portuguese royalty, forbidden love, and betrayal set in Morocco. The narrative follows King Dom Sebastian's passionate affair with Xarifa, a beautiful Moorish maiden, and the jealous rage of her former betrothed, Ismael, who discovers their romance. Ismael hatches a treacherous plot: he learns from a traveling dervise that the Moroccan sovereign is offering an enormous reward for Dom Sebastian's capture, dead or alive. Consumed by both jealousy and greed, Ismael returns to the cottage where the lovers hide and attacks with armed accomplices. The climactic battle leaves Xarifa, her father Cidi-Hamet, and her brother Abdallah all dead—each falling in defense of the Christian king. Dom Sebastian kills Ismael in hand-to-hand combat but finds himself utterly alone among the corpses, his fate afterward "a mystery." The serial melodrama fills most of the front page and reveals the literary tastes of 1846 frontier readers: Gothic romance, cross-cultural intrigue, and operatic tragedy. Below the serialized story sits the beginning of the Governor's Message to the Iowa Legislature, celebrating Iowa's imminent statehood after eight years as a Territory.

Why It Matters

This newspaper snapshot captures a pivotal moment in American expansion. Iowa was preparing to enter the Union as the 29th state—a process the Governor celebrates as proof of America's "eminently simple and pacific" system for westward growth, contrasting it favorably with European conquest by force. The juxtaposition is telling: while the Governor waxes eloquent about democratic state-building, the literary content reflects the romantic and adventurous spirit that drove westward settlement. In 1846, as Iowa stood on the threshold of statehood, America was simultaneously expanding into Mexican territories (the Mexican-American War would begin that very year). The celebration of orderly, constitutional state formation masks the violent realities of Manifest Destiny. The page also reveals how frontier newspapers sustained their readers—not just with civic news, but with serialized European literature that offered escape and entertainment to isolated settlements far from urban culture.

Hidden Gems
  • The Governor's message notes that Iowa, as a Territory, developed in just eight years from "infant settlements" to a state ready for admission—emphasizing the speed of frontier development and the confidence in American institutional processes during the era of Manifest Destiny.
  • The serialized Dom Sebastian story references the actual historical Battle of Alcacer Quiver (likely Alcácer Quibir), a real 16th-century Portuguese defeat in Morocco, showing how frontier newspapers used historical European events as literary scaffolding for serialized fiction.
  • The narrative includes a traveling dervise as a plot device—a detail reflecting 1840s American fascination with exotic Orientalism and the perceived mystique of Islamic North Africa, popular in literary magazines of the period.
  • The Governor emphasizes that Iowa citizens made the transition to statehood "with full knowledge of the pecuniary sacrifices involved"—acknowledging that becoming a state meant losing federal funding and accepting new tax burdens, yet citizens accepted this voluntarily.
Fun Facts
  • Dom Sebastian's story mentions the 'fall of Granada' as a famous ballad sung by Xarifa—Granada fell to Christian Spanish forces in 1492, making this a real historical reference embedded in the 1846 serialized fiction, showing how deeply medieval European history permeated American literary culture.
  • Iowa achieved statehood on December 28, 1846—just 11 days after this newspaper was published. The Governor's message in this edition was essentially the official announcement of Iowa's imminent admission, making this front page a document of a state's birth.
  • The 1846 Governor praising America's 'pacific' and constitutional method of state-building was occurring simultaneously with the Mexican-American War (started May 1846), which would seize half of Mexico's territory—a profound irony the frontier editor likely didn't recognize or chose to ignore.
  • Serialized fiction like the Dom Sebastian story was the 19th-century equivalent of streaming shows—newspapers ran installments weekly or daily to keep readers buying papers, and this particular tale's melodramatic violence and romantic intrigue was the peak entertainment technology of frontier Iowa.
Celebratory Politics State Arts Culture Politics Federal
December 14, 1846 December 18, 1846

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