“Hidden History: How U.S. Labor Leaders Let 100+ Cuban Workers Die in Silence (1927)”
What's on the Front Page
The Daily Worker's front page is dominated by a scathing indictment of American labor leadership's silence on Cuban atrocities. The headline screams that the A.F. of L.'s William Green and executives allowed themselves to be gagged by National City Bank agents, preventing protest against Cuban President Machado's systematic murder of labor organizers. The paper reports that over 100 union leaders have been murdered and 200+ rail strikers have vanished since a 1925 strike, yet Green accepted vague promises from Machado's representatives and went silent rather than appeal to President Coolidge and Congress. The article argues this proves the Pan-American Federation of Labor serves Wall Street imperialism, not workers. The paper also commemorates the Paris Commune's 56th anniversary (next March 18), celebrating the 1871 workers' uprising and lamenting its crushing, which killed over 13,000. A secondary story reports police in Athens murdered two strikers and injured fifteen during demonstrations against high taxes and rising rents, showing labor repression was global.
Why It Matters
In 1927, the American labor movement was fractured and compromised. The conservative A.F. of L. leadership under Green often collaborated with business interests rather than militantly defending workers. The Cuban story reveals how U.S. imperialism in Latin America directly suppressed labor organizing—American corporations dominated Cuba's sugar and rail industries and backed Machado's violent regime. The Daily Worker, the Communist Party's official organ, was hammering the mainstream labor establishment for capitulating to imperial interests. This reflected the broader tension of the late 1920s: a prosperous American economy masking deep labor exploitation both domestically and abroad, with conservative union officials choosing stability over solidarity with suffering workers.
Hidden Gems
- The Cuban ambassador in Washington employed a remarkable rhetorical strategy: he simultaneously denied the government had any involvement in murdering 100 union leaders while also claiming the persecution would 'cease'—implying the murders were real but attributing them to other forces.
- General Crowder, U.S. ambassador to Cuba, is described as wielding such imperial authority that 'his word, when he cares to give it to Machado, is law'—revealing how American military envoys functioned as de facto rulers of Caribbean territories in the 1920s.
- The paper mentions that Spanish nationalists 'were enthusiastically in favor of Germany' during WWI, hoping a German victory would give Spain northern Morocco including Tangier—showing how even 'neutral' Spain had imperial ambitions that shaped its geopolitical calculations.
- A side note reports Major Larre-Borges of Uruguay conducting a trans-Atlantic flight was rescued after crashing in the sea and being 'held for a time by a wandering tribe of Moors'—illustrating the intersection of 1920s aviation heroics with colonial encounters.
- The paper advertises the Paris Commune celebration will include speakers like philosopher John Dewey alongside communist activists—showing Dewey's radical-adjacent standing in 1927 intellectual circles before his reputation shifted.
Fun Facts
- William Green, the A.F. of L. president criticized here for his silence on Cuba, would lead the federation for 27 years until 1952, presiding over both its greatest power (WWII labor production) and deepest compromises with Cold War anti-communism.
- The Machado regime mentioned here would collapse just six years later in 1933, when a sergeants' revolt brought Fulgencio Batista to power—Batista himself would later become a far worse dictator, setting the stage for Castro's 1959 revolution.
- The paper celebrates the Paris Commune as 'the first Proletarian State in history'—a claim that would be superseded four years later when the Soviet Union's status as a workers' state became the defining claim of communist movements worldwide.
- General Crowder, described as Coolidge's 'hard-boiled ambassador' enforcing American interests in Cuba, had actually served as an advisor to the Cuban government since 1921, cementing U.S. control during the supposed 'independent' republic period.
- The International Labor Defense bazaar advertised here, raising money for class war prisoners, represented communist legal defense strategy that would become central to famous trials like the Sacco-Vanzetti case (executed in 1927, the same year this paper was printed—timing suggests the ILD was still actively fundraising for similar defense efforts).
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