Monday
August 6, 1906
The sun (New York [N.Y.]) — New York City, New York
“1906: High-Stakes Drama as Saratoga's Gambling Houses Go Underground”
Art Deco mural for August 6, 1906
Original newspaper scan from August 6, 1906
Original front page — The sun (New York [N.Y.]) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

Saratoga Springs has officially opened its summer gambling season, but with a major twist that has the sporting crowd buzzing. Only three gambling houses will be allowed to operate this year - Canfield's, the Manhattan (run by 'Deacon' James Westcott and James Welsh), and the United States Club on Woodlawn Avenue. But here's the kicker: they must operate 'behind closed doors' with no open gaming visible to diners or passersby. The famous Richard Canfield initially threatened to shut down entirely rather than close the connecting doors between his restaurant and gaming room, declaring it would ruin the atmosphere that made his place special. Meanwhile, 'Jolly Joe' Ullman and 'Big Jim' Kennedy have been completely shut out, with Ullman getting word after midnight to remove his equipment from the Bridge Club or face a raid. The Cavanagh special train brought over 1,200 racing enthusiasts to town in twenty Pullman cars, escorted by fifty Pinkerton detectives - officially for security, but rumor has it they're really there to monitor a high-stakes poker game between financier A.B. Hudson and Chicago's Daniel O'Leary.

Why It Matters

This represents a fascinating compromise in America's ongoing battle over vice and moral reform. Rather than the complete prohibition that temperance advocates demanded, Saratoga's authorities chose regulation - allowing gambling to continue but forcing it underground and limiting its visibility. This middle-ground approach reflected the complex reality of Gilded Age America, where moral reformers, business interests, and political machines constantly negotiated the boundaries of acceptable behavior. The involvement of Pinkerton detectives also highlights how private security was becoming essential for protecting the wealthy's leisure activities in an era of growing class tensions.

Hidden Gems
  • At the Poughkeepsie station stop, promoter Charlie White tried to convince Poppenheim to buy a horse named Angler for the English Derby, claiming 'the rules have been changed this year and only yearlings will be entered' - which makes no sense since Derby horses must be three years old
  • Aoc Poppenheim was charged for two half-chickens at the station lunch counter because his grip bag occupied a second stool during the crowded stop, leading to a 'double charge' policy
  • The Western Pinkerton office telegraphed the Eastern office specifically requesting detective coverage for a high-stakes poker game between stock exchange partners, showing how seriously wealthy gamblers took cheating prevention
  • Staten Island was completely dark due to electrical failures, with trolley cars taking 45-50 minutes instead of the usual 30 minutes to run from St. George to South Beach
  • The paper cost two cents and was published by 'The Sun Publishing Association' with the weather calling for 'local showers, not much cooler tomorrow'
Fun Facts
  • Richard Canfield, mentioned as the 'premier of American green cloth,' would become known as the 'Prince of Gamblers' and eventually open an exclusive club in Manhattan that counted J.P. Morgan among its members
  • The Cavanagh special mentioned here was named for John Cavanagh, the Jockey Club's official who essentially invented luxury rail travel for racing crowds - these special trains would inspire the later development of private corporate jets
  • Pinkerton detectives were earning about $3 per day in 1906, making the deployment of fifty agents for one train trip a expense of roughly $150 - equivalent to about $5,400 today
  • Saratoga Springs' gambling compromise would prove short-lived - by 1910, New York State's anti-gambling crusades would shut down the remaining houses entirely, not to return until the 1930s
  • The mention of Supreme Court Justice Fort shutting down Long Branch gambling refers to the 1905 New Jersey raids that drove East Coast gambling operations to seek new havens like Saratoga
August 4, 1906 August 7, 1906

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