Wednesday
August 11, 1886
The Washington critic (Washington, D.C.) — Washington, Washington D.C.
“Cleveland Defies Senate Over Matthews Reappointment—A President Shakes His Fist at Congress”
Art Deco mural for August 11, 1886
Original newspaper scan from August 11, 1886
Original front page — The Washington critic (Washington, D.C.) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

President Cleveland is embroiled in a constitutional showdown with the Senate over the reappointment of Matthew G. Matthews as Recorder of Deeds for Washington, D.C.—a position the Senate had rejected. Despite lawmakers' objections and protests from both white property owners and prominent Black leaders in the District, Cleveland pressed forward, and Matthews has taken office. Solicitor-General Jenks defended the President's authority to reappoint rejected nominees, arguing that while the Senate confirms appointments, the President alone has the power to nominate and renominate. The move has ignited fierce criticism, with one Virginia politician calling it "the worst mistake Mr. Cleveland has made" and "an outrage upon the taxpayers." Simultaneously, the federal government conducted routine business: the Treasury announced a $10 million bond call, the Patent Office created a new division for wood-working inventions, and the Army and Navy issued a flurry of personnel orders and furloughs. The New York Yacht Club's crack vessels raced from New Bedford to Vineyard Haven, with the May Flower winning the single-stick class.

Why It Matters

This page captures the tension between executive and legislative power in Gilded Age America—a battle Cleveland would wage repeatedly during his two nonconsecutive administrations. The Matthews case reflects deeper questions about patronage, civil service reform, and presidential authority that dominated late-19th-century politics. It also reveals the complex racial politics of Reconstruction's aftermath: that prominent Black leaders opposed Matthews' reappointment alongside white property owners suggests fractious divisions within Washington's Black community over who should hold power. Cleveland's defiance of the Senate foreshadowed larger conflicts over appointments and executive prerogative that would define his presidency.

Hidden Gems
  • A worker in brown overalls, hickory shirt, and 'twine galluses' (suspenders) crashed the President's reception and demanded to shake Cleveland's hand, announcing 'I helped make him President.' The account notes the President's 'grimace could not be misunderstood' as the calloused caller left—a striking moment of democratic theater clashing with Gilded Age formality.
  • The Pension Building's construction was stalled for lack of funds—Congress had appropriated $31,600 for its completion, a sum so modest it barely moved the project forward. Today that would equal roughly $1 million.
  • J. Brad Adams, proprietor of an F Street store, had commissioned a collection of baseballs won by the Washington Nationals, mounting the single trophy he received on a 'small silver derrick' in his window. When no more trophies arrived, he was left gazing sadly at his solitary 'souvenir,' refusing to be comforted.
  • The Insane Asylum proposed shipping out District residents who didn't belong there and had been committed at public expense—an early example of cost-shifting between jurisdictions that would persist for 150+ years.
  • The newspaper advertised subscriptions at 10 cents per month by carrier, or 10 cents by mail—suggesting that in 1886, postage was nearly as expensive as the entire subscription itself.
Fun Facts
  • General Count Saigo, Japan's Minister of Marine, was touring American navy yards in 1886 to study modern ship-building. Japan would defeat Russia in the 1904-05 war—a stunning upset powered partly by naval superiority learned through exactly these kinds of industrial tours.
  • Solicitor-General Jenks, mentioned as 'Acting Attorney-General,' would later become the first Commissioner of Corporations under Theodore Roosevelt and help prosecute the Northern Securities antitrust case—one of the era's defining legal battles.
  • The appointment of postoffice inspectors on the Pacific Coast (Los Angeles, Oakland, Jacksonville) marks one of the first expansions of federal postal inspection infrastructure westward. The examination was conducted by Chief Inspector West in San Francisco, Denver, and Portland—the Post Office was building a continental bureaucracy in real time.
  • The paper notes that West Point graduates of June 1886 received extended leave due to a 'strange ruling' by Second Comptroller Maynard limiting new officers' vacation time. This bureaucratic skirmish reflects the rigid professionalization of the military happening throughout the 1880s.
  • Commissioner Sparks' decision to recommend the removal of the General Land Office's recorder for 'incompetency and untrustworthiness' signals the broader Civil Service Reform movement—though that officer was a Union Army veteran and GAR member, showing that even war service couldn't guarantee protection from efficiency purges.
Contentious Gilded Age Politics Federal Civil Rights Politics Local
August 10, 1886 August 12, 1886

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