“Patent Medicine Miracles vs. Real Medicine: How 1886 Maine Believed in the Impossible”
What's on the Front Page
The front page leads with a remarkable medical testimonial from Jere Smith, son of a New York State Insurance Department official, who claims a miraculous escape from death via Bright's disease—a devastating kidney ailment that left him bloated "from head to foot" with skin bursting open from internal pressure. After prominent physicians declared him hopeless, Smith credits his recovery to Hunt's Remedy, a patent medicine. The account takes up nearly half the page, positioning it as the era's kind of viral sensation: an extraordinary survival story that reads like modern medical marketing. Below this, the paper covers two Maine commencement exercises (Maine Wesleyan Seminary and Farmington Normal School), detailed political news including ex-Governor Alonzo Garcelon's Democratic nomination for Congress, and overseas violence in Belfast, Ireland, where Orange mobs have set fires and fought constabulary in streets packed with soldiers. Baseball scores, a Wall Street banking experiment, and various patent medicine advertisements—Vegetine for blood purification, Labarraque's Pills—round out the page, painting a picture of late-19th-century America where miracle cures competed with legitimate news for readers' attention.
Why It Matters
June 1886 captures America at a crossroads. The Industrial Revolution was transforming daily life, but medicine remained uncertain and frightening—Bright's disease was genuinely lethal, and desperate patients turned to patent medicines with unproven claims. The commencement notices reveal expanding education access, particularly for women (numerous female graduates listed with essay titles suggesting serious intellectual engagement). Politically, the Democratic Party was fractured and struggling against Republican dominance, with ex-governors like Garcelon thrown into congressional races. Overseas, the Irish Question simmered violently, reflecting tensions between Britain and Irish nationalists that would dominate headlines for decades. The banking experiment on Wall Street hints at growing sophistication in financial markets. Together, these stories show a nation industrializing rapidly while grappling with medical ignorance, educational change, political realignment, and international conflict.
Hidden Gems
- Hunt's Remedy testimonial claims Bright's disease caused skin to burst open from internal pressure—yet the ad appears without any medical disclaimers or skeptical framing, reflecting the complete absence of FDA oversight in 1886. Patent medicines weren't regulated until the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906.
- The Farmington Normal School graduating class of 31 students included significant female representation with female valedictorians and essayists—yet the salutatory speaker was male (Wilbert Mallett). This suggests women were entering teacher training but still faced subtle hierarchical positioning.
- Ex-Governor Alonzo Garcelon's nomination is accompanied by a striking prediction: 'This nomination...will not only insure an unusually large majority for Congressman Dineley, but it will have the tendency to greatly impair Col. Edward's chances'—essentially admitting the Democratic pick was sacrificial, designed to split opposition votes.
- The Wall Street news mentions 60 banks agreed to close business at 1 P.M. Saturdays—a summer experiment in work-life balance in 1886, predating the modern weekend by decades. The language 'to bring all banking and commercial business for the week as far as possible to a close' suggests this was genuinely novel.
- Nine masked men liberated an accused embezzler from Calais jail and 'escaped into the Provinces' (Canadian territory)—a throwback to frontier-style vigilantism and cross-border manhunts, showing how porous law enforcement remained in remote border regions.
Fun Facts
- Jere Smith's father 'Cornelius B. Smith, of the State Insurance Department at Albany' was overseeing the very industry that would eventually create modern medical underwriting—yet in 1886, his son's recovery from a death sentence rested entirely on an unregulated patent medicine. Insurance medicine wouldn't demand scientific proof for another 40 years.
- Maine Wesleyan Seminary's commencement featured 'the largest graduating class in the school's history'—reflecting the post-Civil War expansion of higher education. The school would survive until 1988, making it a 100+ year institution even from this 1886 perspective.
- Belfast's riots in June 1886 were part of the 'Home Rule Crisis'—just weeks after William Ewart Gladstone introduced the First Home Rule Bill in Parliament, which would fracture British politics and dominate the next 30 years of Irish-British relations. This June violence was the preview of a constitutional earthquake.
- Bright's disease (now called chronic kidney disease) was genuinely a death sentence in 1886—mortality rates exceeded 90% in advanced cases. Smith's claimed recovery would have been seen as miraculous; the irony is that modern nephrology wouldn't exist for another 50+ years.
- The Farmington Normal School trained teachers for rural Maine—these 31 graduates entering the profession as the nation was rapidly urbanizing, representing the spread of standardized public education to small towns that had previously relied on local schoolmasters.
Wake Up to History
Every morning: one front page from exactly 100 years ago, with context, hidden gems, and an original Art Deco mural. Free.
Subscribe Free