Saturday
December 23, 1876
The weekly Copiahan (Hazlehurst, Copiah County, Miss.) — Hazlehurst, Mississippi
“The Christmas Week America's Presidency Fell Apart—A Mississippi Paper Captures the Chaos”
Art Deco mural for December 23, 1876
Original newspaper scan from December 23, 1876
Original front page — The weekly Copiahan (Hazlehurst, Copiah County, Miss.) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

Christmas shopping dominates this Mississippi weekly as the nation reels from the most contested presidential election in American history. The Democratic National Committee announced Samuel J. Tilden's victory on December 13th, declaring him and Vice President Thomas A. Hendricks elected by popular will. Yet within hours, Republican National Chairman Zach Chandler issued a fiery rebuttal claiming Governor Rutherford B. Hayes won the electoral vote—a dispute that would define the next three months. Meanwhile in Columbia, South Carolina, Governor Wade Hampton was inaugurated on December 14th amid 'demonstrations and great enthusiasm,' delivering a scathing inaugural address that condemned 'armed soldiers of the Federal Government' preventing his party's duly elected representatives from taking their seats. Hampton promised 'reform and honest government' while protesting what he called the 'last crowning act of infamy'—federal interference in the state election. Back in Hazlehurst, local life continued: Dr. C.O. Marshall advertised 'beautiful sets of teeth' for $35, Mallie Bankston pushed Christmas jewelry and watches, and R.W. Millsaps urged farmers to plant rust-proof oats due to a failed corn crop.

Why It Matters

This page captures America at a pivotal breaking point. The 1876 election would become the most corrupted in U.S. history, eventually 'resolved' by the Compromise of 1877—a backroom deal that gave Hayes the presidency in exchange for ending Reconstruction and abandoning freed Black Americans to Southern white control. Wade Hampton's inauguration symbolized the South's rapid reassertion of Democratic power and racial dominance after twelve years of Republican rule. The tension between Chandler's Republican bluster and Democratic claims of victory reflects genuine uncertainty about which candidate actually won—a constitutional crisis that threatened the republic itself. For Mississippi and the South, this moment marked the beginning of the end for Black political participation and the rise of the Jim Crow era.

Hidden Gems
  • Dr. C.O. Marshall advertised 'beautiful sets of teeth for $35, and fillings from 50 cents to $2.50'—a complete denture set cost roughly $600 in modern dollars, showing dental work was a luxury service even in 1876 Mississippi.
  • The Copiahan published a formal notice from 'A.J. Welch, County Auctioneer,' announcing monthly auctions in three towns (Crystal Springs on the 10th, Hazlehurst on the 1st, Beauregard on the 20th) where property would be advertised 'free of charge for three weeks'—an early form of structured rural marketplace infrastructure.
  • An essay titled 'Son of the Soil' urged farmers to shift focus from politics to education and 'agricultural improvement generally,' calling for the 'honest Granger' to lead—reflecting the nascent Grange movement's growing influence in post-Reconstruction farming communities.
  • Reverend H. Montgomery placed a classified ad seeking to sell 'a Cow with last spring's calf, Cooking stove and Safe'—the stove and safe had 'been in use since last Feb,' suggesting economic hardship or relocation among the clergy.
  • An unsigned essay on education argued that 'the thoughtful mechanic can get more enjoyment out of the ocean [science?] which he pays for a newspaper' than an ignorant workman from tobacco and beer—revealing anxieties about working-class literacy and moral improvement.
Fun Facts
  • Wade Hampton's inaugural address condemned federal troops 'used to promote the success of a political party'—he was referring to the actual presence of U.S. Army soldiers at the South Carolina statehouse to ensure Black voters' safety. Within months, these troops would be withdrawn nationally, abandoning Reconstruction and ushering in 78 years of Jim Crow.
  • The Democratic National Committee announced Tilden's victory on December 13, 1876, but Zach Chandler's rebuttal claimed Hayes won—this wasn't settled until March 1877 when an Electoral Commission, split along party lines, awarded all contested electors to Hayes in the dead of night. The Compromise of 1877 that followed would reshape American federalism for generations.
  • Samuel J. Tilden, announced as president-elect here, actually won the popular vote by over 250,000 ballots—the only man to win the popular presidency and lose the election, a record that would stand until 2000.
  • Governor Wade Hampton, inaugurated in Columbia on December 14th, was a Confederate general and South Carolina's wealthiest planter before the war. His 'redemption' of the state signaled the Democratic Party's successful reclamation of the South through violence and intimidation—the Red Shirts militia had already begun their campaign.
  • While Mississippi papers like the Copiahan published Christmas advertisements and local notices, the Democratic National Committee's letter was dated December 13th—the very moment the disputed election entered its final crisis phase, though most readers in rural Mississippi had no idea the presidency hung by a thread.
Contentious Reconstruction Gilded Age Election Politics Federal Politics State Civil Rights Agriculture
December 22, 1876 December 24, 1876

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