What's on the Front Page
President Andrew Johnson's cross-country "Swing Around the Circle" tour dominates the front page as his party moves from Buffalo toward Chicago on September 4, 1866. Johnson has been giving lengthy, passionate speeches at nearly every stop—Toledo, Cleveland, Detroit, Erie—defending his lenient Reconstruction policies and declaring "the war is at an end" and "the Union must be restored." But the tour has turned contentious. In Norwalk, Ohio, a citizen challenged the President publicly: "Why don't you stop New Orleans?"—a reference to alleged atrocities against freed Black citizens—and Johnson reacted as if insulted, saying "Could an American citizen express such a sentiment without being insulted?" The article notes that hecklers called him a "traitor" in Cleveland. General Grant, Admiral Farragut, and Secretary Seward accompany the President. Meanwhile, Springfield's Republican-controlled City Council pointedly voted to invite Grant and Farragut to visit Lincoln's tomb—while explicitly striking out Andrew Johnson's name from the invitation.
Why It Matters
This tour encapsulates the bitter political fracturing of 1866, just one year after the Civil War ended. Johnson, a former Democrat and Southern sympathizer elevated to the presidency after Lincoln's assassination, was fighting to control Reconstruction on his own terms—opposing the Republican Congress's more punitive approach toward the defeated South. The "Swing Around the Circle" was his attempt to rally public support against the Radical Republicans, who wanted federal protection for freed slaves and tougher conditions on Southern readmission. The hostile receptions and the Springfield council's deliberate snub of Johnson reveal that many in the North—especially Republicans—had lost faith in his leadership. This tour would ultimately backfire, helping Republicans sweep the 1866 midterm elections and seize control of Reconstruction policy.
Hidden Gems
- In Springfield, the City Council voted to rescind a $500 appropriation meant to cover the hotel bills, whiskey, and cigars for aldermen traveling to Chicago. After striking Johnson's name from the invitation, Republican aldermen eliminated public funding for attendance entirely, forcing each council member to pay his own way—a pointed financial rebuke.
- General Grant executed 'one of his famous flank movements,' avoiding the official route entirely: he left Cleveland by lake steamer at night and arrived in Detroit by morning, staying quietly with a Michigan Central Railroad superintendent rather than joining the presidential entourage.
- The Detroit reception was so poorly managed that the city forgot to light the street lamps during the evening procession, and crowds 'could barely distinguish the President's carriage by the continued waving of the President's hat'—yet when Grant and Farragut were introduced, 'the shouts of welcome were fairly deafening' in contrast.
- George Francis Train, a minor politician invited to speak in Detroit, delivered such a prolonged and absurd speech that the entire Presidential party—including Johnson himself—went to bed at midnight while Train was still orating to an empty room.
- The Tribune's Detroit correspondent bluntly critiqued Johnson's public speaking, noting that when his remarks are 'published here' without editorial correction, their 'inaccuracies, inelegancies, and wonderful verbiage, will rather astonish the public.'
Fun Facts
- Secretary Seward, standing beside Johnson on the platform, invoked their unlikely alliance from six years prior: 'six years ago Andrew Johnson, a Southern man, a Democrat, and a slaveholder in Congress, met me, a Whig and Abolitionist, and then we surrendered party.' Seward was the same William Seward who, just a year later in 1867, would orchestrate the purchase of Alaska for $7.2 million—the most audacious real-estate deal of the era, widely mocked at the time as 'Seward's Folly.'
- Admiral Farragut, who received 'fairly deafening' cheers in Detroit, had become the war's most celebrated naval hero after his famous command at Mobile Bay in 1864, where he allegedly shouted 'Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!'—a phrase that would define him in American memory, though this exact wording was likely embellished by journalists of the era.
- The Springfield Republicans' deliberate exclusion of Johnson from the invitation—while specifically honoring Lincoln's tomb—was prophetic: just three years later, Johnson would be impeached (in 1868), barely surviving removal from office by one Senate vote, the narrowest acquittal in impeachment history.
- The paper mentions that the Presidential party would reach Chicago 'this evening' (September 5th)—exactly one year and one day before the Great Chicago Fire would devastate the city and reshape American urban development forever.
- General Grant's quiet, independent movements during the tour—avoiding speeches and refusing the limelight—contrasted sharply with Johnson's compulsive speechmaking and foreshadowed Grant's own political ascent: two years later, voters would elect Grant president, making Johnson's Reconstruction vision wholly obsolete.
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