Wednesday
August 29, 1866
Chicago tribune (Chicago, Ill.) — Chicago, Illinois
“Andrew Johnson's Funeral Tour Turns into a Political Disaster—And the Tribune Is Furious”
Art Deco mural for August 29, 1866
Original newspaper scan from August 29, 1866
Original front page — Chicago tribune (Chicago, Ill.) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

President Andrew Johnson's cross-country tour to dedicate Senator Stephen Douglas's tomb has exploded into scandal. Johnson, traveling from Washington to Philadelphia with Generals Grant and Rawlins and Admiral Farragut, has been giving fiery political speeches defending "my policy" — turning what should be a solemn funeral procession into a campaign tour. The Chicago Tribune is apoplectic, declaring Johnson "the least reputable and most brazen that ever rose to the Presidency by accident or design." The paper notes bitterly that Johnson once persecuted Douglas politically and now betrays Lincoln's legacy, making his appearance in Douglas's Chicago hometown especially offensive to a city that "consists almost wholly of friends of the late Senator Douglas, and friends of the late President Lincoln." Meanwhile, Washington reports that Secretary of War Stanton faces removal from the Cabinet, while the New Orleans riot investigation reveals the massacre was "preconcerted by the rebels." European cables bring news of Italy demanding Venice's relics back from Austria, and the collapse of the British Confederation scheme when Prince Edward Island refuses to join.

Why It Matters

This moment captures the violent fracturing of Reconstruction politics, just sixteen months after Lincoln's assassination. Johnson, a Tennessee tailor and War Democrat, has emerged as the great betrayer of Republican and Radical ambitions to reshape the South. His tour—ostensibly honoring Douglas, his old political rival—reveals his alliance with the Copperheads and conservative Democrats against Congress's tougher Reconstruction plans. This front page documents the precise moment when Johnson's presidency became a constitutional crisis. By year's end, Congress would move toward impeachment. The contrast between Grant and Farragut's cautious presence and Johnson's reckless grandstanding foreshadows the civil-military tensions that would define the next two years of American government.

Hidden Gems
  • The Government provided 2,134 artificial arms, 181 legs, 111 hands, 6 feet, and 101 'apparatus' to soldiers through May 1866—evidence of the Civil War's staggering human cost still being counted and commodified.
  • General Daniel Sickles declined to participate in Johnson's Soldiers' and Sailors' Convention in Cleveland—a pointed snub from the Union general who lost his leg at Gettysburg, showing even war heroes were abandoning the President.
  • A small item reports that the newly appointed Public Printer, Cornelias Wendell, discovered through clerical error he'd been appointed 'Commissioner of Public Buildings' instead—a bureaucratic gaffe during chaotic Reconstruction governance.
  • The New England whaling fleet has 304 vessels (171 from New Bedford alone) despite ravages from the Confederate privateer Shenandoah—yet petroleum has already begun replacing whale oil as the superior competitor.
  • Tennessee's General James Polk was a Confederate casualty whose widow accepted a position as Vice Principal of Columbia Female Institute—evidence of the South's attempt to rebuild institutions using the wives of fallen rebel leaders.
Fun Facts
  • Secretary Stanton, whom Johnson wants removed from the Cabinet, would become the pivot point of impeachment. Johnson's attempt to fire him without Senate consent violated the Tenure of Office Act and led directly to the 1868 impeachment trial—the closest the nation came to removing a president until 1974.
  • General Grant traveled with Johnson on this tour, reportedly uncomfortable the entire time. Grant's presence lent legitimacy to Johnson's journey, but within months Grant would openly split with the President, leading to Grant's 1868 presidential nomination against the Radical Republicans' wishes.
  • The article mentions Prince Edward Island's refusal to join British Confederation 'is thought to be a virtual defeat of the proposition'—yet Confederation happened anyway in 1867, just months after this edition. The Tribune's Canadian prediction was wildly wrong.
  • Admiral Farragut, one of the tour's honored guests, would die in 1870—just four years later. He represented the Union Navy's glory, but his participation in Johnson's political tour showed how even wartime heroes were being drawn into post-war partisan battles.
  • The Charleston Convention of 1860, where the Democrats fractured, gets mentioned here as evidence of Johnson's betrayal of Douglas. That split—with Johnson supporting Breckinridge while Douglas ran as a War Democrat—created the exact political realignment now destroying Reconstruction.
Contentious Reconstruction Politics Federal Politics International Civil Rights Disaster Industrial
August 28, 1866 August 31, 1866

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