Monday
March 26, 1866
Chicago tribune (Chicago, Ill.) — Illinois, Cook
“President Johnson's Veto Is Coming—and Violence Against Freedmen Is Exploding”
Art Deco mural for March 26, 1866
Original newspaper scan from March 26, 1866
Original front page — Chicago tribune (Chicago, Ill.) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

President Andrew Johnson is poised to veto the Civil Rights Bill, a move that's dominating Washington conversation on March 26, 1866. The Tribune reports that Johnson has "prepared an unqualified veto" despite cautious advisers warning him it's bad politics. This comes just weeks after Johnson vetoed the Freedmen's Bureau bill, a decision that's already triggering violence against Black Americans in the South. A harrowing letter from North Carolina describes colored men being hanged from tree branches and publicly whipped at noon in Wilmington—punishments inflicted by county court officers in broad daylight. Union officers are clashing with newly pardoned ex-rebel generals (like Marshal Robert Ransom) who refuse to release Black soldiers arrested by local police. The Tribune makes clear: Johnson's vetoes are emboldening Southern violence and undoing everything the war supposedly settled.

Why It Matters

This moment is the collision between Reconstruction and white Southern resistance. Johnson, Lincoln's successor, has sided with the South—pardoning Confederate leaders while abandoning the freedmen. Congress wants to protect newly freed people with civil rights protections; Johnson wants to let Southern states govern themselves. The veto of the Civil Rights Bill would fail to stop Congress from overriding it (they had the votes), but the real story here is that Johnson's obstruction is producing immediate, brutal consequences. The whippings and arrests in Wilmington aren't isolated incidents—they're the logical result of a president signaling that formerly enslaved people have no federal protection. This breakdown between president and Congress will define Reconstruction's failure and the next century of racial oppression.

Hidden Gems
  • An Ohio regiment mutinied at Galveston, Texas, because soldiers claimed their enlistment was over—and 60 of them were arrested for it. This shows how fragile military discipline was just after the war ended, and how disputes over service terms were creating chaos.
  • A thief stole a box containing $103,093 in government securities from a private home in New York, and the reward offered was only $5,000. For comparison, the stolen amount was roughly $2 million in today's money—yet the reward was 5% of the haul. Who would risk it?
  • Springfield, Ohio had two competing mayors, both 'doing business,' each offering separate $500 rewards for catching burglars and signing themselves 'Mayor of the City of Springfield.' The Tribune finds this absurd but reports it deadpan.
  • St. Paul is drowning in counterfeit city scrip because thieves have filled in stolen blank notes so skillfully they 'deceive the very elect'—the city treasurer is at his wit's end. This was a real vulnerability in Civil War-era finance.
  • An Episcopal girls' school in Kenosha, Wisconsin was just established on the grounds of Governor Charles Larke's mansion, with churchmen subscribing over $30,000 to build a new 30x80-foot brick building. Female seminaries were still novel enough to be newsworthy.
Fun Facts
  • The Tribune reports Gen. Grant is about to sail to Europe on a U.S. vessel—this casual mention is of Ulysses S. Grant, fresh from destroying the Confederacy, heading abroad just weeks after the war's end. He'd return to become president within three years.
  • Robert Ransom, the 'newly pardoned ex-rebel General' refusing to release Black soldiers in Wilmington, was a Confederate general who'd fought at Fort Fisher. Johnson's pardon policy meant thousands of officers like him could hold local power immediately after the war—a stunning reversal.
  • The paper mentions the 'Fenian scare' at Montreal, where Canadians feared 10,000 Fenians moving toward the Isle-Aux-Noix. The Fenians were Irish-American Civil War veterans plotting to invade Canada as leverage for Irish independence—a real geopolitical threat that dominated 1866.
  • Col. Edward Jardine, mentioned in a relief bill, was disabled for life when he tried to stop the 1863 New York Draft Riots at General Wool's request. Rioters shot him multiple times and beat him with rifle butts while he lay injured—he spent 11 months in bed.
  • An ex-rebel colony in Cordova, Mexico under Confederate general Sterling Price reportedly 'neither gathered nor planted one ear of corn' in six months. Meanwhile, other ex-Confederates are considering emigrating to Brazil instead. The dream of a Southern empire abroad was crumbling fast.
Contentious Reconstruction Politics Federal Civil Rights War Conflict Crime Violent Politics State
March 25, 1866 March 27, 1866

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