Saturday
December 23, 1865
Baltimore daily commercial (Baltimore, Md.) — Maryland, Baltimore
“1865: When Christmas ads sold Confederate generals & gold pens came with dating advice”
Art Deco mural for December 23, 1865
Original newspaper scan from December 23, 1865
Original front page — Baltimore daily commercial (Baltimore, Md.) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

Christmas shopping dominates this Baltimore front page just two days before the holiday, with elaborate advertisements filling nearly every column. Jewelry stores like Gunnold, Bro. & Co. on Baltimore Street hawk "Diamond, Pearl, Coral, Enameled and other styles of rich Jewelry" alongside "Elegant Paris Clocks and Bronzes." Fryer's Emporium of Art offers "CUCKOO AND TRUMPETER CLOCKS" and "Swiss Carved Goods," while multiple clothing stores promise massive markdowns—Smith Bros. & Co. claims "$80,000 at Less than Cost" for their holiday clearance. Beyond the commercial frenzy, small news items reveal a nation still adjusting to post-Civil War reality. The Fenian Circles in Louisville have passed resolutions denouncing their leader O'Mahoney, reflecting Irish-American political tensions. More soberly, a fire at Camp Douglas in Salt Lake destroyed a government warehouse with "Loss over a million of dollars," while various shipping disasters claimed lives along the Eastern seaboard. The page also advertises "Imperial Photographs and fine engravings of GEN. R. E. LEE and STONEWALL JACKSON, Taken from life"—Confederate heroes still being marketed just eight months after Appomattox.

Why It Matters

This page captures America in December 1865, eight months after the Civil War's end and just days after Christmas. The country was experiencing its first peacetime holiday season in five years, evident in the elaborate gift advertisements that suggest returning prosperity and normalcy. Yet tensions remained—Irish-American Fenians were plotting against Britain, former Confederate generals were being sold as collectible photographs, and federal troops still occupied Southern territories. The mix of luxury goods (diamond jewelry, imported Havana cigars, fine watches from European makers like "Jules Jurgensen" and "Patek Phillippe") alongside practical items suggests Baltimore's role as a major port city where international trade was resuming after wartime disruptions.

Hidden Gems
  • A Baltimore business was so overwhelmed by retail customers after being mistakenly listed as a retailer that they wrote a correction letter published on the front page: 'we have been run down during the day with persons wishing to buy at retail'
  • Shank's 'Improved Empire Noiseless Sewing Machine' was being advertised as the perfect Christmas present, with multiple ads claiming it was 'The Best Present'
  • You could buy 'Prime Labrador Herring' for just $10 per barrel, while 'Prime Codfish' cost $7.50 per 100 pounds at Cushing & Co. on South Street
  • B.F. Blakeney & Co. sold gold pens with a poetic advertisement quoting Lord Chesterfield about wives needing to 'write well,' marketing their pens as gifts 'for the Girls' and 'for the Boys'
  • Real meerschaum pipes were being sold 'opposite Barnum's Hotel' by John Hanna, along with imported Havana cigars
Fun Facts
  • Those expensive European watches advertised (Jules Jurgensen and Patek Philippe) are still among the world's most prestigious timepiece makers today—a Patek Philippe from this era would now be worth hundreds of thousands of dollars
  • The 'Provident Life and Trust Company' advertised was organized by Philadelphia Quakers and still exists today as part of Great-West Life, making it one of America's oldest continuously operating insurers
  • The steamer Carroll that collided in the bay was part of the post-war shipping boom—Baltimore's port traffic was exploding as Southern cotton and Northern manufactured goods resumed normal trade patterns
  • The Fenian movement mentioned was plotting an actual invasion of Canada from American soil, which would occur six months later in 1866 and nearly cause a war between the US and Britain
  • Camp Douglas in Salt Lake, where the million-dollar fire occurred, was a key military post protecting the transcontinental telegraph line completed just four years earlier—communication with California still depended on that single wire
Celebratory Civil War Reconstruction Economy Trade Disaster Fire Disaster Maritime Politics International Entertainment
December 22, 1865 December 25, 1865

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