Friday
September 29, 1865
The weekly pioneer and Democrat (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) — Minnesota, Saint Paul
“When America's Top Comedian Crashed with Celibate Dancing Shakers (Plus: What Defeated Virginians Really Thought)”
Art Deco mural for September 29, 1865
Original newspaper scan from September 29, 1865
Original front page — The weekly pioneer and Democrat (Saint Paul, Minn. Territory) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

The front page features a delightful piece of Americana: Artemus Ward's satirical account of his visit to a Shaker community in upstate New York. Ward, one of America's most popular humorists, spins a tale of getting stranded during a storm and taking shelter with the celibate religious sect known for their austere lifestyle and ecstatic dancing. His story follows his encounters with Elder Uriah (who repeatedly calls him 'a man of sin'), conversations with Shaker women about their rejection of marriage, and his attendance at a Shaker religious service where he cheers on the dancing Elder with 'Go it, my grey and festiv cuss!' The piece perfectly captures Ward's folksy, deliberately misspelled writing style that made him a household name. Balancing the humor is serious post-Civil War reporting about public sentiment in Virginia. The paper publishes excerpts from letters collected by Virginia Unionist Joseph Segar, featuring prominent Virginians describing how their communities are responding to Confederate defeat. Alexander H.H. Stuart of Staunton reports that 'nine-tenths of the people of Virginia cheerfully acquiesce in the result of the late terrible war,' while Charles L. Mosby of Lynchburg writes that people 'sincerely rejoice at the termination of the war' and want cordial North-South relations restored.

Why It Matters

This September 1865 edition captures America at a fascinating crossroads. Just months after Lee's surrender at Appomattox, the nation was grappling with how to rebuild and reunite. The Virginia sentiment reports reflect the crucial question of Reconstruction: would the defeated South truly accept Union victory and emancipation? These weren't just local concerns for a Minnesota territorial newspaper—they were existential questions about whether the United States would survive as one nation. Meanwhile, the prominence given to Artemus Ward's Shaker satire shows how Americans were also defining themselves culturally. Ward's humor—poking fun at religious extremism while celebrating individualism—represented a distinctly American voice that would influence Mark Twain and countless others. The juxtaposition of war aftermath and comedy reflects a nation simultaneously healing from trauma and asserting its unique character.

Hidden Gems
  • Elder Uriah catches Ward in bed in the middle of the night, wearing only his 'night close, which fluttered in the breeze like a secesshun flag' while holding a candle and declaring 'You're a man of sin!'
  • Ward describes witnessing the Elder and an old Shaker woman 'huggin and kissin like young lovers' despite their celibate vows, with the woman explaining that 'Brother Uriah' is 'subject to fits and haint got no command over hisself'
  • The paper reports the death of Major Charles F. Putnam of the 153rd New York Volunteers from typhoid fever in Savannah—he was only 26 years old and from Fultonville, New York
  • Ward tells the young Shaker women they're 'as slick pieces of caliker as I ever sot eyes on' and tries to teach them the game 'pass in the corner'
  • The Shaker meeting house floor is described as 'white as chalk and smooth as glass' with men and women arranged 'like millingtery companies' on opposite sides
Fun Facts
  • Artemus Ward was actually the pen name of Charles Farrar Browne, who became so famous that Abraham Lincoln reportedly read his sketches to the Cabinet before presenting the Emancipation Proclamation
  • The Shakers Ward satirizes were real pioneers of gender equality and manufactured innovations—they invented the flat broom, circular saw, and clothespin, and their apple sauce mentioned in the story was genuinely prized for its quality
  • Virginia Unionist Joseph Segar, whose letter collection appears on the front page, was one of only two congressmen from seceding states to keep their seats throughout the Civil War
  • This paper was published in 'Minnesota Territory'—the state wouldn't join the Union until 1858, making Saint Paul still a frontier capital when this edition ran
  • The 'anti-matrimony idee' Ward mocks was central to Shaker theology—they believed celibacy brought them closer to God and that traditional marriage was a sin, leading their communities to rely entirely on converts and adopted children
Contentious Civil War Reconstruction Politics Federal War Conflict Religion Entertainment Arts Culture
September 28, 1865 October 2, 1865

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