Thursday
September 21, 1865
The Willimantic journal (Willimantic, Conn.) — Windham, Town
“1865: When Connecticut Voted on Black Suffrage (Spoiler: It Failed)”
Art Deco mural for September 21, 1865
Original newspaper scan from September 21, 1865
Original front page — The Willimantic journal (Willimantic, Conn.) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

The front page of the Willimantic Journal is dominated by a passionate plea for racial equality at the ballot box. Under the headline "THE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT," Connecticut's Union State Committee makes their case for striking the word "white" from voting requirements, declaring that "intelligence, and not color" should determine suffrage. The committee argues that black men who fought alongside whites in the Civil War have earned this right through their "devoted patriotism" and sacrifice. Beyond this civil rights appeal, the page offers a fascinating window into small-town Connecticut life. Local businesses advertise everything from ready-made clothing at John G. Keigwin's shop in Union Block to life insurance from the Continental Life Insurance Company of Hartford with its $150,000 capital. A Washington correspondent named McCall provides intimate glimpses of post-assassination America, describing General Grant's humble departure from Lincoln's funeral in a simple buggy, wearing a common rubber overcoat in the gentle rain.

Why It Matters

This September 1865 edition captures Connecticut at a pivotal moment in American history. Just months after Lincoln's assassination and the Civil War's end, the state grappled with fundamental questions about citizenship and equality that would define Reconstruction. Connecticut's proposed constitutional amendment represented a crucial test case for black suffrage in the North—a preview of the nationwide debates that would lead to the 15th Amendment in 1870. The casual mention of Mary Harris's murder trial and the "Military Commission" proceedings reflects a nation still processing the trauma of war and Lincoln's death, while local businesses advertising insurance and hardware suggest communities eager to rebuild and move forward into peacetime prosperity.

Hidden Gems
  • The Willimantic Journal cost just $2.00 for a full year subscription, with single copies available for 5 cents at Walden's bookstore—equivalent to about $35 annually today
  • A mysterious advertisement for 'J. F. Peck' consists entirely of scattered letters spelling out vertically, ending with 'See Advertisement inside'—an early example of puzzle advertising
  • The Willimantic Library was only open twice a week—Wednesday and Saturday evenings at 6 o'clock—with membership fees of $2.00 per year, $1.25 for six months
  • Washington correspondent McCall gossips about a 'boy baby' named Lincoln born to Treasury clerk C. E. Dailey from Torrington, noting the child 'has only developed that principle of reticence, so generously accorded to our Lieut. General'
  • The Continental Life Insurance Company of Hartford boasted a massive $150,000 capital and claimed to combine 'all the advantages to be derived from the experience of Life Insurance Companies both in this Country and Europe'
Fun Facts
  • The paper mentions General Grant driving himself in a simple buggy after Lincoln's funeral—this humility would define his presidency, where he famously got a speeding ticket for racing his horse and buggy through Washington streets
  • Connecticut's proposed voting amendment would fail in October 1865, making it one of the few Northern states to reject black suffrage before the 15th Amendment forced the issue nationwide in 1870
  • The Aetna Insurance Company advertised on this page was founded in 1819 and is still operating today—it would become one of America's largest insurers and a Fortune 100 company
  • Willimantic was known as 'Thread City' because it housed the massive Willimantic Linen Company, which by this time was producing millions of spools of thread annually and would become the American Thread Company
  • The 'Military Commission' trial mentioned likely refers to the conspiracy proceedings against Lincoln's assassination plotters, which concluded just two months earlier with four executions including Mary Surratt—the first woman executed by the federal government
Contentious Civil War Reconstruction Civil Rights Politics State Election Crime Trial Economy Banking
September 20, 1865 September 22, 1865

Also on September 21

1846
September 1846: Washington Schools, Coal, and a Glass-Padded Medical Miracle
The daily union (Washington [D.C.])
1856
When New York Debated Damnation: The Theology Wars of 1856
New-York dispatch (New York [N.Y.])
1861
New York Goes to War: Inside the Military Recruitment Blitz of September 1861
New-York daily tribune (New-York [N.Y.])
1862
Last Stand of the Rebels: Inside a Doomed Chattanooga Newspaper, September 1862
The Chattanooga Daily Rebel (Chattanooga, Tenn.)
1863
When War Democrats Turned on Peace Democrats: A Springfield Rally Changes...
Canton weekly register (Canton, Ill.)
1864
A Nation Borrowing for Survival: Inside Lincoln's Treasury Plea of September...
Evening star (Washington, D.C.)
1866
25,000 Brave the Rain to Welcome Southern Loyalists—Reconstruction at Its Peak
Chicago tribune (Chicago, Ill.)
1876
How to Turn $10 Into $60 (And Other Dubious 1876 Wall Street Schemes)
Daily Kennebec journal (Augusta, Me.)
1886
When 5,000 Socialists Packed Cooper Union (and the Police Showed Up): Sept. 21,...
Savannah morning news (Savannah)
1896
A Blacksmith's Final Honor: How One Maine Town Grieved Its Self-Made Man (Sept....
Daily Kennebec journal (Augusta, Me.)
1906
1906: Navy mobilizes for Cuba crisis as federal agents expose railroad slavery...
The Oregon mist (St. Helens, Columbia County, Or.)
1926
1926: When aviation dreams crashed in flames and Alaska faced financial ruin
The Alaska daily empire (Juneau, Alaska)
1927
How a County Treasurer Killed a Wolf With His Car (and Got Paid for It)
Grand Rapids herald-review (Grand Rapids, Itasca County, Minn)
View all 13 years →

Wake Up to History

Every morning: one front page from exactly 100 years ago, with context, hidden gems, and an original Art Deco mural. Free.

Subscribe Free