Friday
September 1, 1865
The daily Gate City (Keokuk, Iowa) — Keokuk, Iowa
“1865: When War Heroes Ran for Office and 'Buttернuts' Got Roasted”
Art Deco mural for September 1, 1865
Original newspaper scan from September 1, 1865
Original front page — The daily Gate City (Keokuk, Iowa) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

The Union Republican ticket dominates the front page of this Iowa newspaper, just four months after the Civil War's end. Governor candidate William M. Stone of Marion County leads the slate, alongside Lieutenant Governor nominee Benjamin P. Gue and other state positions. The paper dedicates extensive coverage to local Lee County candidates, praising Major T. McKensy for Sheriff as 'a good man, a brave soldier, a capable and gallant officer.' Captain J.Q.A. De Huff, described as 'a popular and skillful officer in the gallant Third,' is running for Representative. A poignant tribute honors General Marcellus M. Crocker, who died August 27th at Willard's Hotel in Washington D.C. Fellow officers led by General W.W. Belknap drafted resolutions calling him 'one of the most gallant and efficient officers' and recommending Congress grant his widow a pension for his 'meritorious services at Shiloh, Corinth, Raymond, Jackson' and his service 'from the beginning to the close of the war.' The paper also covers a Fenian riot in Ireland where constabulary clashed with 'some two hundred people' trying to free an arrested man, and notes economic troubles in Canada with '1,800 empty tenements' in Toronto alone.

Why It Matters

This September 1865 front page captures America's delicate transition from war to peace. The emphasis on military credentials for civilian candidates reflects how Civil War service had become the ultimate political qualification. The detailed coverage of General Crocker's death and pension requests for his widow illustrates the nation grappling with caring for war heroes and their families. Meanwhile, international coverage of Fenian activities in Ireland and Canadian economic troubles shows Americans watching global events through the lens of their own recent trauma. The 'Butternut Brigade' dissolution mentioned in the paper represents the dismantling of Copperhead (Peace Democrat) opposition as the Union victory became complete.

Hidden Gems
  • A sarcastic account describes the final mustering out of the 'Butternut Brigade' (Copperheads) in Des Moines, where 'the great lie marshal of the occasion was Judge Johnston' who was 'temporarily absent, providing adequate compensation at a place several thousand feet below the surface of the earth, supposed to abound in brimstone'
  • The paper notes that in Toronto alone there are '1,800 empty tenements' as Canada's economy struggles following the end of the Reciprocity Treaty
  • A whimsical story appears about a little girl who has trained perch to eat from her hand and 'turn on one side, and so remain, apparently reposing, till quietly raised to the surface'
  • The subscription rates show a daily paper cost $6 per year by mail, or could be delivered in the city for 'two weeks, 25 cents'
  • An exchange between a general and rebel clergy is quoted: when asked about making rebel clergy pray for Andrew Johnson, the General replied 'why, if your prayers don't do the President any more good than they have done Jeff. Davis, it is no sort of question about your prayers any way'
Fun Facts
  • General W.W. Belknap, who chaired the Crocker memorial meeting, would become Secretary of War under President Grant in 1869, but resign in disgrace in 1876 over a corruption scandal involving trading post appointments
  • The paper's focus on Colonel E.P. Wood's service with the 17th Illinois at Fort Donelson and Shiloh connects to some of the war's most pivotal early battles that established Ulysses S. Grant's reputation
  • The Fenian activities mentioned in Ireland were part of a broader Irish-American movement - many Civil War veterans would actually invade Canada in 1866 and 1870 attempting to hold it hostage for Irish independence
  • Willard's Hotel in Washington D.C., where General Crocker died, was known as the 'residence of presidents' and would later host President Grant so frequently that lobbyists waiting in its lobby gave rise to the term 'lobbyist'
  • The mention of 'Knights of the Golden Circle' refers to a secret pro-Confederate organization that some historians believe continued operating after the war, with alleged members including Jesse James
Triumphant Civil War Reconstruction Politics State Politics Local Election Military Obituary
August 31, 1865 September 2, 1865

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