Sunday
May 21, 1865
New York dispatch (New York [N.Y.]) — New York City, New York
“May 21, 1865: Jefferson Davis Behind Bars—The Rebel President's Dramatic Capture”
Art Deco mural for May 21, 1865
Original newspaper scan from May 21, 1865
Original front page — New York dispatch (New York [N.Y.]) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

Jefferson Davis, the captured Confederate president, has arrived at Fortress Monroe aboard the steamer William B. Clyde, escorted by the gunboat Tuscarora. The former leader of the rebellion was smuggled ashore secretly around 4 PM to avoid curious onlookers, along with Confederate Vice President Alexander Stephens, General Wheeler, and Davis's family. Colonel Pritchard of the Michigan Cavalry, who made the capture in Georgia, is awaiting instructions from Washington on what to do with his famous prisoners. Meanwhile, the fortress has been frantically preparing for these high-profile captives. Just a week ago, Colonel Brewerton received telegraph orders to convert casemates into escape-proof cells, complete with iron bars and brick walls. The paper notes the poetic justice: 'What more fitting end than that the finale should be given' where the rebellion's 'first dark scenes were enacted.' In other war news, Confederate Governors Vance of North Carolina and Brown of Georgia are already imprisoned at the Old Capitol, while rebel generals west of the Mississippi stubbornly refuse to surrender.

Why It Matters

This front page captures America at a pivotal moment—the rebellion's leadership is being systematically captured and imprisoned, but the war isn't quite over. While Davis sits in a fortress cell, Confederate forces in Texas are still fighting, and the question of how to reconstruct the nation looms large. President Johnson is already meeting with 'loyal North Carolinians' about reorganizing their state government. The capture of Davis represents the symbolic end of the Confederacy, but the practical challenges of reunification are just beginning. With Confederate governors in prison and the army preparing for a massive victory parade in Washington, America is transitioning from wartime to the complex work of healing a divided nation.

Hidden Gems
  • The notorious Dick Turner, the brutal keeper of Libby Prison who 'shot three or four' Union prisoners 'for presuming to look out of a window,' escaped from his own cell by 'wrenching out a wooden bar' and slithering through the window in the rain
  • Jefferson Davis once threatened to hang Lincoln 'higher than Haman,' joking that since Lincoln was taller than Douglas, 'we should have to build his gibbet a leetle higher'
  • The Confederate treasury was nearly empty—Davis and his fellow fugitives had only '$300,000 in their wallets' when fleeing Richmond, mostly in heavy silver coins
  • A $25,000 reward has been posted for the capture of 'Extra Billy' Smith, the rebel Governor of Virginia, who was spotted just days earlier giving a speech in Staunton
  • The New York Dispatch costs 10 cents per copy and charges 30 cents per line for 'Walks About Town' advertisements—their premium advertising category
Fun Facts
  • Burton Harrison, Davis's captured private secretary, was a Yale graduate from the class of 1859 who had actually declared himself 'in favor of the Union' while in college, often opposing his fellow Southern students
  • The upcoming grand review in Washington will feature 28 Major Generals and 200,000 troops marching past President Johnson and General Grant—one of the largest military parades in American history
  • Mrs. Lincoln gave Senator Sumner a palmetto cane with an ivory eagle head that symbolically shows the Union protecting its young from a serpent—a piece of presidential memorabilia that would be priceless today
  • The Confederate ram Stonewall caused such panic in Key West that they extinguished the Sand Key lighthouse to prevent the ship from navigating, while three Union vessels rushed to Havana to block its escape
  • Charles Dana, Lincoln's Assistant Secretary of War who helped coordinate the manhunt for Booth, has just resigned his position—ending his role in one of the most dramatic periods in American intelligence history
Triumphant Civil War Reconstruction Politics Federal War Conflict Military Crime Trial
May 20, 1865 May 22, 1865

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