Sunday
April 30, 1865
Chicago tribune (Chicago, Ill.) — Illinois, Cook
“April 30, 1865: Rebel ram races toward New Orleans with Jefferson Davis's gold as Lincoln conspiracy unravels”
Art Deco mural for April 30, 1865
Original newspaper scan from April 30, 1865
Original front page — Chicago tribune (Chicago, Ill.) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

Just two weeks after Lincoln's assassination, the Chicago Tribune's front page pulses with the chaotic aftermath of a nation trying to piece itself back together. The biggest alarm comes from the Mississippi River, where the rebel ram Webb has broken through Union naval defenses and is racing toward New Orleans at an unprecedented twenty-five miles per hour, possibly carrying Jefferson Davis and $6-10 million in Confederate gold to Cuba. Meanwhile, Generals Grant and Sherman have finally reached Washington after accepting Johnston's surrender of 25,000-30,000 Confederate troops on the same terms given to Lee, effectively ending organized resistance east of the Mississippi. The paper reveals chilling new details about Lincoln's assassination: John Wilkes Booth's spur caught in a small American flag while leaping from the presidential box, breaking his leg and ultimately sealing his fate. Doctors believe the leg wound, already showing signs of mortification, would have killed him within days. Most shocking of all, investigators have uncovered evidence of a massive conspiracy reaching from Richmond to Canada, targeting not just Lincoln but Vice President Hamlin, Cabinet members, General Grant, Chief Justice Chase, and Speaker Colfax — a plot designed to decapitate the entire federal government.

Why It Matters

This front page captures America at its most precarious moment since the Revolutionary War. With Lincoln dead and the government nearly headless from assassination attempts, the nation faced the enormous challenge of reconstructing not just the South, but its own sense of unity and purpose. The Webb's dramatic escape symbolized how Confederate resistance could still strike at the Union's economic lifelines, while the conspiracy revelations showed how close the country came to complete governmental collapse. The successful surrenders of Lee and Johnston marked the military end of the Civil War, but these stories reveal the deeper struggle ahead: how to bind up the nation's wounds while pursuing justice for treason and assassination. The investigation pointing to Confederate leaders in Canada and Richmond would fuel Reconstruction's harder line toward the South.

Hidden Gems
  • The rebel ram Webb was clocked at 'twenty-five miles an hour, which exceeds any steamer's speed on record' — making it possibly the fastest steamboat in history during its dramatic escape attempt
  • Daniel Webster Voorhees, described as 'the unscrupulous and malignant Indiana Copperhead,' fled his home in Terre Haute when news of Lincoln's assassination broke, with neighbors believing he escaped to Canada
  • The Sultana steamboat disaster mentioned in passing actually killed an estimated 1,500 people, making it 'the most frightful steamboat disaster recorded in history' — worse than the Titanic
  • Secretary Seward underwent jaw surgery on Friday and was already taking carriage rides with Dr. Verdie, showing remarkable recovery from the assassination attempt
  • Military posts were being established with orders to 'forage on the country' in Maryland counties, giving receipts that would only be honored if residents proved their loyalty after the war
Fun Facts
  • That 'formidable monster' Webb racing down the Mississippi was likely the CSS William H. Webb, a Confederate ram that in real life would be scuttled by her own crew near New Orleans — but not before this dramatic chase that terrified Union commanders
  • The paper mentions the death of Dr. Valentine Mott, whom London's Sir Astley Cooper called the greatest surgeon alive — Mott had performed the first successful removal of the collarbone and pioneered vascular surgery techniques still used today
  • Johnston's surrendered force of 25,000-30,000 troops was actually larger than Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, making it the war's second-largest Confederate surrender
  • The conspiracy investigation mentioned here would lead to the trial and execution of four conspirators, including Mary Surratt — the first woman executed by the U.S. federal government
  • That $6-10 million in Confederate gold allegedly aboard the Webb would be worth roughly $100-170 million today — representing a significant portion of the Confederacy's remaining treasury
Anxious Civil War Reconstruction War Conflict Crime Violent Politics Federal Disaster Maritime Military
April 29, 1865 May 1, 1865

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