Saturday
April 8, 1865
Chicago tribune (Chicago, Ill.) — Illinois, Cook
“April 8, 1865: 'The End is at Hand' — Chicago Celebrates Lee's Crushing Defeat”
Art Deco mural for April 8, 1865
Original newspaper scan from April 8, 1865
Original front page — Chicago tribune (Chicago, Ill.) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

The Chicago Tribune thunders with news of Union General Phil Sheridan's crushing victory over Confederate forces at Sailor's Creek, Virginia. In what the paper calls a potential death blow to Lee's army, Sheridan's cavalry and the 6th Corps captured six Confederate generals including the prized General Ewell—described as 'one of the best under Lee'—along with Kershaw, Dutton, Corse, De Barry, and even Curtis Lee (Robert E. Lee's own son). The haul included 14 pieces of artillery, hundreds of wagons, and thousands of prisoners, with Confederate forces 'scattered bleeding and flying in all directions.' The Tribune's war correspondent paints a vivid picture of Lee's army in its death throes, 'driven from its strong and elaborate fortifications on Monday, pursued and hemmed in on Tuesday and Wednesday.' Meanwhile, Union forces are closing the trap—Hancock's veteran 2nd Corps moves up the Shenandoah toward Lynchburg while Thomas brings seasoned Western troops. As the paper puts it with grim satisfaction: 'Whichever way Lee may turn, he will meet a Federal bayonet.' The end, they declare, 'is at hand.'

Why It Matters

This front page captures the Civil War in its final, dramatic week—though readers don't yet know it. The Battle of Sailor's Creek on April 6, 1865, would indeed prove to be Lee's penultimate stand, with his surrender at Appomattox Court House just three days away on April 9th. The Tribune's confident prediction that Lee's military organization 'has ceased to exist' was remarkably prescient. These aren't just battle reports—they're the real-time documentation of American reunification. The paper's mention of 'War Democrats' joining Republican primaries reflects how the approaching victory was already reshaping national politics. Within a week, Lincoln would be dead and the nation would face the massive challenge of Reconstruction, but for this brief moment, Union victory seemed to promise a clean, triumphant end to America's bloodiest conflict.

Hidden Gems
  • Gold closed at 149⅛ in New York—meaning it took $149 in inflated wartime paper money to buy $100 worth of gold, showing how the war had devastated the economy
  • 'Hangman Foote' was arrested in New York after sneaking back from Europe in steerage class 'to avoid passport orders'—the paper gleefully suggests he should be kept in jail 'on the charge of being a public nuisance'
  • Illinois whiskey distillers had been running a massive tax fraud, cheating the government out of an estimated $600,000 by selling spirits without paying federal taxes 'for weeks and months'
  • The paper takes a snarky shot at Philadelphia, noting that premature reports of Lee's capture 'come from Philadelphia, however, is sufficient to account for its contradiction'—apparently Philly had a reputation for fake news even in 1865
Fun Facts
  • That General Thomas Ewing Jr. mentioned as resigning his St. Louis command? He was the brother-in-law of William Tecumseh Sherman and would later become the defense attorney for Mary Surratt in the Lincoln assassination conspiracy trial
  • The 'rough rider' Phil Sheridan celebrated here would later give his name to a style of cavalry warfare—and inspire the nickname of Theodore Roosevelt's volunteer regiment in the Spanish-American War 33 years later
  • 'Curtis Lee' captured with the other Confederate generals was Robert E. Lee's eldest son, who had graduated first in his West Point class in 1854—making his capture a deeply personal blow to the Confederate commander
  • The paper's mention of preventing 'New York incendiarism' in North Carolina refers to Confederate plots to burn Northern cities—including a November 1864 attempt to set fire to multiple New York hotels simultaneously
  • The 'reciprocity treaty' with Canada mentioned in European dispatches was about to be terminated by the U.S. partly as revenge for British sympathy toward the Confederacy during the war
Triumphant Civil War Reconstruction War Conflict Military Politics Federal Crime Corruption Economy Markets
April 7, 1865 April 9, 1865

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