Saturday
January 14, 1865
Chicago tribune (Chicago, Ill.) — Chicago, Illinois
“January 1865: Confederate Senator Captured Fleeing Dixie, Anti-Slavery Amendment Gaining Steam”
Art Deco mural for January 14, 1865
Original newspaper scan from January 14, 1865
Original front page — Chicago tribune (Chicago, Ill.) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

The Chicago Tribune's front page is dominated by Civil War developments as winter 1865 unfolds. General Sherman continues his march through Georgia after capturing Savannah, with 3,000 reinforcements having left New York by steamers in the past ten days. Meanwhile, General Thomas pursues Confederate General Hood toward Corinth, with portions of his army moving by transport through Paducah. The paper reports on a dramatic political escape attempt: former Mississippi Senator Henry S. Foote, a fierce critic of Jefferson Davis, was captured by rebel cavalry while trying to flee the Confederacy with his wife near Occoquan, Virginia. His wife was rescued by Union forces, but Foote remains imprisoned in Richmond, with fears that Davis may execute him. The Constitutional Anti-Slavery Amendment dominates Washington political coverage, with growing optimism it will pass Congress after previous setbacks. Even Tammany Hall has sent delegates demanding New York congressmen drop their pro-slavery stance. General Butler remains at Fortress Monroe awaiting permission to travel to Washington, reportedly preparing a 'very able and very bitter' report about the failed Fort Fisher assault that doesn't spare criticism of General Grant himself.

Why It Matters

These stories capture the Confederacy's death throes in early 1865. Sherman's reinforced march and Thomas's pursuit of Hood show Union forces tightening their grip, while the Foote incident reveals growing desperation even among Confederate leaders. The fact that a former senator and slavery advocate would risk execution to escape the Confederacy signals its collapse from within. The Anti-Slavery Amendment's improved prospects reflect the political transformation following Lincoln's 1864 re-election. Even Democratic strongholds like Tammany Hall recognize that clinging to pro-slavery positions means political suicide. This moment captures America's definitive turn toward abolition, with the 13th Amendment's passage just weeks away.

Hidden Gems
  • The Tribune's subscription rates show a daily paper delivered in Chicago cost 25 cents per week, while a full year's mail subscription ran $12 — about $200 today
  • Senator Foote's dramatic escape attempt was foiled at the residence of 'Mr. Hammell' near Occoquan, where two rebel cavalrymen forced Hammell to harness his wagon to transport the prisoner back toward Richmond
  • The overland mail service has been discontinued due to 'Indian troubles on the Plains,' with notices sent to postmasters
  • County officers seeking fee increases were flatly told there's 'no prospect' of getting raises, and 'none of them will resign if they do not'
  • Colonel L.F. Hubbard of the 5th Iowa, a Chicago resident with family in the city, was recently wounded in the neck during Thomas's battles but has recovered and returned to commanding his brigade
Fun Facts
  • Henry Foote was father-in-law to Senator Stewart, just elected from the brand-new state of Nevada — meaning a Confederate leader was related by marriage to a Union senator
  • Foote earned the nickname 'Hangman Foote' for his extreme pro-slavery speeches, yet his attempt to flee shows even the most radical Confederates were abandoning the cause by January 1865
  • The paper mentions Thaddeus Stevens declining Treasury Secretary consideration due to age — he was 72 and would die just two years later, but not before leading Reconstruction efforts
  • General Butler's bitter Fort Fisher report targeting Grant foreshadowed the political warfare that would dominate post-war military careers and presidential ambitions
  • The 'generous sympathy' flowing to Savannah residents from Northern communities demonstrates the remarkable speed with which Americans began reconciling even before the war's end
Triumphant Civil War Reconstruction War Conflict Military Politics Federal Civil Rights Legislation
January 13, 1865 January 17, 1865

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