Saturday
July 16, 1864
The evening telegraph (Philadelphia [Pa.]) — Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
“Sherman Marches Into Marietta as the Rebel Invasion Collapses—The War's Turning Point Documented in Real Time”
Art Deco mural for July 16, 1864
Original newspaper scan from July 16, 1864
Original front page — The evening telegraph (Philadelphia [Pa.]) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

The Union Army is decisively crushing Confederate forces across multiple fronts as the Civil War enters its fourth year. General Slocum's expedition in Mississippi has defeated rebel forces near Jackson, with Union troops occupying the town and repulsing enemy counterattacks—all with losses under 100 killed and 30 wounded, while capturing 30-40 prisoners. Meanwhile, General Sherman's advance through Georgia has reached Marietta after a grueling campaign, with his forces methodically restoring the town's infrastructure within hours of the rebels' evacuation. Perhaps most dramatically, the Confederate invasion of the North is collapsing in real time: General Bradley Johnson has been captured, Sheridan's cavalry are 'smashing' the rebel rear guard, and the last Confederate forces have been driven across the Potomac back into Virginia. Even a possible naval engagement with the pirate ship CSS Florida suggests Union naval dominance spreading to the high seas.

Why It Matters

By July 1864, the Union war machine had finally found its rhythm. Lincoln's earlier generals had fumbled and retreated; now Grant, Sherman, and Sheridan were executing coordinated offensives that compressed the Confederacy from all sides. The fall of Marietta meant Atlanta was within reach. The defeat of General Early's invasion at the gates of Washington proved the rebel gamble to relieve pressure in the South had catastrophically failed. These victories, coming just before the presidential election in November, would prove crucial to Lincoln's reelection and the eventual abolition of slavery—they transformed the war from a grinding stalemate into a narrative of Union triumph.

Hidden Gems
  • A blacksmith shop in occupied Marietta was fully operational within three hours of the Union takeover—complete with three pairs of bellows that Quartermaster Lyon had thoughtfully brought along. An elderly enslaved man who'd worked there was astonished: 'he never seed tings lavin' up so strung ami nice a ore,' and immediately sought to hire on at two dollars a day.
  • Marietta's population was only about 3,000 people, not the 8,000 that 'some one absurdly reported'—yet the paper devotes an entire column to describing its 16 antebellum stores, 8 groceries, 3 hotels, and four churches, suggesting how utterly transformed Southern towns became overnight.
  • The CSS Florida, a Confederate commerce raider, had become enough of a threat that Union gunboats were being dispatched in pursuit, with one steamer reporting hearing 'heavy firing north-northwest...by the sound we judged...twenty-nine miles west from the light ship.'
  • Georgia Military Institute cadets at Marietta had been evacuated to Milledgeville months earlier—the paper notes with dry humor that many 'panted for distinction on the field of glory, but their papas and teachers would not consent,' sparing them from what would likely have been slaughter.
  • The Savannah and Memphis cotton market had ground to a near halt despite 'liberal receipts'—ordinary cotton fetched just 90 cents, good ordinary 92 cents, reflecting the Confederacy's economic collapse as Union armies strangled Southern commerce.
Fun Facts
  • General Sherman entered Marietta on July 4th, 1864—the paper notes his forces fired 'a salute...instead of hurrying on the rebel rear,' allowing himself one day of patriotic celebration amid the pursuit. He would reach Atlanta in just 11 days.
  • The paper mentions that Marietta's College building (Georgia Military Institute) 'was presided over by General Caper, a son of the old Methodist bishop Capers of South Carolina'—one of the few institutional connections between North and South that survived the war intact, as Methodist bishops claimed authority on both sides of the Mason-Dixon line.
  • An escaped colored man who found Union blacksmiths working in the seized Confederate shop was apparently learning to read the signs of change in real time—the hammer blows on anvils signaling not ghostly Rebels but the arrival of a new order.
  • The paper breathlessly reports that Union forces captured Confederate General Bradley Johnson—a significant prize, as Johnson would spend the rest of the war in Northern prisons, unable to lead the cavalry raids he'd been attempting.
  • While Sherman's armies crushed rebels in Georgia, Philadelphia newspapers were already advertising excursions to Atlantic City and Cape May for weekend 'dips'—the North's economy humming along so vibrantly that leisure travel remained commonplace even as the South burned.
Triumphant Civil War War Conflict Military Politics Federal Economy Trade
July 15, 1864 July 17, 1864

Also on July 16

1836
A Rhode Island Port City in Full Bloom: What Providence's Market Square Wanted...
Republican herald (Providence [R.I.])
1846
One Vote Saved America's Economy: The Tariff Battle That Funded the Mexican War...
The daily union (Washington [D.C.])
1856
Inside the ledgers of New Orleans' richest city (1856): Insurance profits,...
New Orleans daily crescent ([New Orleans, La.])
1861
Garibaldi Says He'll Fight for America—But Only if Lincoln Abolishes Slavery...
Worcester daily spy (Worcester [Mass.])
1862
Inside a Crumbling Confederacy: July 1862 Memphis Begs for Cotton and Soldiers
Memphis daily appeal (Memphis, Tenn.)
1863
Vicksburg Falls: How One Iowa Town Celebrated the Turning Point of the Civil...
Charles City Republican intelligencer (Charles City, Iowa)
1865
1865: When stealing from your future brother-in-law seemed totally reasonable
New York dispatch (New York [N.Y.])
1866
Inside Washington's Reconstruction Civil War: When Hisses Erupted Over a Gold...
Worcester daily spy (Worcester [Mass.])
1876
July 1876: Senate Debates Whether America Can Afford to Build—7 Million Dollars...
The sun (New York [N.Y.])
1886
Printed at 8,293 Feet: The Newspaper That Served Millionaires Atop Mount...
Among the clouds (Mount Washington, N.H.)
1896
When Mr. Meek Tried to Cook Dinner (Spoiler: The Cat Ate Better Than He Did)
The Sioux County journal (Harrison, Nebraska)
1906
War, Wealth & White Mobs: When 150 People Were Put on Trains Out of Town
The Beatrice daily express (Beatrice, Neb.)
1926
1926: When Arkansas Students Drew Maps for $8 & Baseball Pitchers Threw Perfect...
The Calico Rock progress ([Calico Rock, Izard County], Ark.)
1927
Vienna Burns: How a Workers' Uprising Toppled Austria's Justice Palace (100...
Brownsville herald (Brownsville, Tex.)
View all 14 years →

Wake Up to History

Every morning: one front page from exactly 100 years ago, with context, hidden gems, and an original Art Deco mural. Free.

Subscribe Free