“Inside a Vermont Paper from 1863: Prince Albert's Funeral, Rothschild's Gold Power Play & the Crisis Destroying French Farms”
What's on the Front Page
The January 27, 1863 edition of the Green Mountain Freeman leads with poetry and literary content—Adelaide Anne Proctor's "A Lost Chord" and reflections on "The Family"—but the page's most compelling story emerges in the miscellaneous section: a detailed account of Prince Albert's funeral and the touching image of three small wreaths of moss and curls laid upon his coffin by his grieving children. The piece meditates on how these simple tokens of affection outlasted monuments and sculptures, drawing a poignant parallel to an Egyptian mummy's wreath discovered after thousands of years. The Freeman also covers French agricultural law, explaining how revolutionary-era inheritance reforms have fragmented the French countryside into over 106 million tiny parcels—most no larger than 1.25 acres—trapping peasant proprietors in a cycle of debt to moneylenders. Additionally, the paper reports an amusing anecdote about Nathan Rothschild's power play with the Bank of England, where the banking magnate drew £210,000 in gold sovereigns to prove his influence, forcing the Bank to acknowledge his bills as their equal.
Why It Matters
This issue arrives at a critical moment in American history—January 1863, just weeks after the Emancipation Proclamation took effect on January 1st. While the Vermont paper focuses on Old World elegance and European affairs, the Civil War looms over everything. Vermont was a hotbed of abolitionism and Union support, and the Freeman's readers would have been acutely aware that Lincoln's proclamation represented a seismic shift in the war's purpose. The paper's fixation on European royalty, finance, and pastoral tradition reflects a educated, prosperous readership looking to cultural refinement even as the nation tore itself apart. Prince Albert's recent death (December 1861) remained fresh grief for the English-speaking world, and his mourning provided a counterpoint to American suffering.
Hidden Gems
- The subscription rates reveal class stratification: the weekly Freeman cost $1.50 in advance, but there was also a Daily Freeman distributed twice daily (morning and afternoon) at $6 per year for mail subscribers—suggesting a tiered readership from working farmers to merchants and professionals.
- The French inheritance crisis described is staggering: by 1874, there were 25,343,386 separate parcels of rural property, up from 11.5 million in 1812—a doubling in 62 years that the article describes as a 'curse' on French prosperity, yet this fragmentation would eventually create the resilient smallholder class that stabilized rural France for centuries.
- Nathan Rothschild's power play with the Bank of England: he personally carried £210,000 in gold sovereigns and spent seven hours dumping coins into bags, proving the House of Rothschild could move enough bullion to dwarf the Bank itself—the Bank capitulated and agreed to honor his bills as their own, cementing private banking supremacy over state authority.
- The piece on Prince Albert's funeral emphasizes that none of the mourning accounts mention any Christian rites or spiritual consolation, only 'the dust that sleeps in that vault'—a remarkable observation about Victorian England's reluctance to publicly discuss faith even in death.
- The description of a French noblewoman's apartment in the Tuileries: 'ivory inlaid with gold' doors, rosewood furniture inlaid with mirrors and pearls, upholstered in pale red silk, tortoise-shell desks mounted in gold—a snapshot of mid-19th-century luxury before the Paris Commune would torch the palace in 1871.
Fun Facts
- Prince Albert's funeral described here (January 1863) occurred just over a year after his death in December 1861—his influence on Victorian culture was so profound that his mourning remained front-page news on the other side of the Atlantic. Queen Victoria would wear black mourning dress for the remaining 40 years of her life.
- The French inheritance law described—requiring equal division among all children—is the Napoleonic Code, still in effect today across much of Continental Europe and Latin America. It created generational poverty for French peasants but also prevented the emergence of a landed aristocracy after 1789, fundamentally reshaping European class structure.
- Nathan Rothschild's 1862 power play with the Bank of England happened during the height of the Rothschild family's dominance over European finance. By 1863, the five Rothschild brothers controlled banking across London, Paris, Vienna, Naples, and Frankfurt—they would later finance the Suez Canal and essentially manage the finances of nations.
- The paper's discussion of English mothers accompanying daughters to social events reflects rigid Victorian propriety—yet by the 1890s, this would begin to crack, with the New Woman movement challenging the constant chaperone requirement. The 'charming irreverence' the article celebrates would become outright rebellion within a generation.
- Adelaide Anne Proctor's poem 'A Lost Chord' was one of the most popular Victorian poems, set to music by Arthur Sullivan in 1877—it would become a drawing-room standard throughout the English-speaking world and remain a funeral favorite into the 20th century.
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