Sunday
October 5, 1856
The New York herald (New York [N.Y.]) — New York, New York City
“1856: When Fire Engines Were Used to Silence Political Rallies in Pennsylvania”
Art Deco mural for October 5, 1856
Original newspaper scan from October 5, 1856
Original front page — The New York herald (New York [N.Y.]) — Click to enlarge
Full-size newspaper scan
What's on the Front Page

The front page is dominated by explosive political coverage from Pennsylvania, where tensions over the 1856 presidential election have turned violent. A correspondent in Reading describes how Democratic supporters disrupted a Republican meeting in Lancaster featuring Maine's Hon. Mr. Blaine by bringing out fire engines, rowdies with bells and horns, making it impossible to hear the speaker with their 'hideous yells and shouts.' The writer draws direct parallels to the 'border ruffian' violence in Kansas, arguing that the same Democratic forces terrorizing free-state settlers are now using intimidation tactics in Pennsylvania elections. The paper also covers a major labor victory on the Erie Railroad, where superintendent D.C. McCallum successfully broke an engineers' strike. About forty engineers walked off their jobs at noon on Saturday, but McCallum was ready with replacement workers, U.S. Marshals at every station, and a police force with badges exposed. The striking engineers quickly realized they'd been outmaneuvered and gave up without violence, marking the second failed strike attempt in two years.

Why It Matters

This page captures America at a breaking point in 1856, just months before the presidential election that would essentially serve as a referendum on slavery's expansion. The violence described in Pennsylvania mirrors the broader national crisis, where the Kansas-Nebraska Act had turned 'Bleeding Kansas' into a literal battleground between pro- and anti-slavery forces. The comparison of Democratic tactics to 'border ruffians' wasn't hyperbole—armed pro-slavery settlers really were terrorizing Kansas. Meanwhile, the successful strikebreaking on the Erie Railroad reflects the growing power of corporate management over organized labor, a trend that would define the coming Gilded Age. The use of federal marshals and police to protect replacement workers became a standard playbook for breaking strikes in industrial America.

Hidden Gems
  • The notorious Forney argued that voting for Buchanan was necessary because 'the South would wade knee deep in blood in Kansas, and would ride in blood up to their horses' bridles' rather than lose Kansas as a slave state
  • School children were reportedly 'everywhere for Fremont' across Pennsylvania, showing even kids were caught up in the political fervor
  • The Erie Railroad superintendent secretly made every returning Saturday train a mail train specifically to bring them under U.S. government protection during the strike
  • At a Democratic meeting, speakers could address thousands without interruption, but Republican meetings faced organized disruption with fire engines and horn-blowing crowds
  • The paper notes only two exceptions to pro-Fremont sentiment found while traveling across Berks county, stopping at 'every village, farmhouse and factory'
Fun Facts
  • The 'notorious Forney' mentioned here was John Wien Forney, who would become one of Lincoln's key allies and founded both the Washington Chronicle and Philadelphia Press—quite a transformation from his 1856 fear-mongering for Buchanan
  • D.C. McCallum, the Erie Railroad superintendent praised as 'a perfect Napoleon in generalship,' would indeed become a real general—Lincoln appointed him to revolutionize Union Army logistics during the Civil War
  • The Hon. Mr. Blaine from Maine mentioned as speaking for Fremont was likely James G. Blaine, who would become Speaker of the House and later the Republican presidential nominee in 1884
  • This election that seemed so divisive would be decided by just 500,000 votes nationwide, with Buchanan winning only 45% of the popular vote in a three-way race
  • The 'border ruffians' comparison wasn't just rhetoric—some of the same Missouri militants who terrorized Kansas really did travel to Pennsylvania to influence the election through intimidation
Contentious Politics Federal Election Labor Strike Crime Violent
October 4, 1856 October 6, 1856

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